Shin ka taba jin ayoyin Iskandariya? Duk da cewa ba su da tasirin da suka yi a zamaninsu, amma har yanzu akwai masu tunawa da su. Amma menene su? Yaya aka yi su?
Idan kuna sha'awar sanin komai game da ayoyin Iskandariya, ba kawai tunaninsu ba, amma asalinsa, tarihin waɗannan a Spain, da wasu misalai, kuna da duk bayanan da ke ƙasa.
Menene ayoyin Iskandariya
Bari mu fara da fayyace menene ayoyin Iskandariya. game da baitocin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin wakoki kuma suna da siffa da samun jimloli 12. An raba waɗannan zuwa dunƙule guda biyu na maɗaukaki 6 kowannensu, an raba su ta hanyar dakatawar awo da ake kira caesura.
Asalin ayoyin Iskandariya
Asalin ayoyin Iskandariya ya tsufa sosai. Wanda ya fara amfani da su shi ne mawaƙin Helenanci Alexander na Afisa., a cikin karni na XNUMX BC Daga nan kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin harsuna da lokuta daban-daban.
Iskandari na Afisa ya zauna a birnin Afisa da ke yammacin gabar tekun Turkiyya. Gaskiyar ita ce Ba a san da yawa game da rayuwarsa ba, amma akwai wasu ayyukan waka da aka jingina masa. kamar yadda "Likita", waƙar almara wacce ke ba da labarin fa'idodin likitan Asclepius.
Waɗannan ayoyin sun bazu cikin sauri ta cikin Girka da Roma. amfani da shi da yawa daga cikin mawakan zamanin. Misalai irin su Virgil ko Horace suna cikin waɗanda suka fi amfani da shi. Kuma kadan kadan ya zo wakokin kasashen yamma.
Tarihin aya a Spain
A Spain, An fara amfani da ayar Alexandria tun daga zamanin Renaissance. Daya daga cikin na farko shi ne Garcilaso de la Vega, marubucin "First Eclogue" da "Na biyu Eclogue", a tsakanin sauran ayyukan.
A cikin Golden Age, Ayar Iskandariya ta zama ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan ayah da aka fi amfani da su, inda mawaƙa da yawa na lokacin, irin su Lope de Vega, Juan Ruiz de Alarcón ko Francisco de Quevedo, su ne masu amfani da waɗannan ayoyin, daga waƙa zuwa almara ko ayar kyauta.
A gaskiya ma, ya kasance a cikin Golden Age lokacin da yake da mahimmanci a Spain kuma ya zama ɗaya daga cikin nau'o'in aya da aka fi amfani da su.
Misalan ayoyin Iskandariya
Kamar yadda muka sani cewa wani lokacin fahimtar ka'idar ba ta da sauƙi. Mun tattara wasu ayoyin Iskandariya da kuke gani a ƙasa.
"Rana ta fito gabas, ta fadi a yamma"
"Cikakken wata yana haskakawa a sararin sama"
"Iska na kadawa da karfi, ganyen ya fadi kasa"
"Teku babban asiri ne, gindinsa duhu ne kuma mai zurfi"
"Tsuntsaye suna raira waƙa da wayewar gari, suna sanar da sabuwar rana."
"Hasken rana yana nunawa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta"
"Autumn yana zuwa da launukansa, zinariya da ja"
"Furwan bazara suna gaishe da rana da furanninsu"
"Sabbin iskan kasa ya cika min huhu"
"Kogin yana nufin tsakanin duwatsu, ruwansa yana da ƙarfi."
"Iskar teku na shafa fuskata, kamshinsa yana da dadi."
"Crickets suna raira waƙa da dare, kiɗan su yana jituwa"
"An ji wakar dare a daji"
"Bishiyoyin suna kaɗa ganyen su cikin iska"
"Kamshin kofi mai sabo ya bazu a gidan"
"Cats suna barci a rana, kayan su sun yi shuru"
"Kamshin ruwan sama ya cika iska"
"Sunbeams tace ta cikin gajimare"
"Iskar tana kadawa da karfi, tana kada tuta"
"Tsuntsaye suna tashi sama, jirginsu kyauta ne"
Oh dare, uwar mafarki, mafi kyawun dare na shekara! (Jorge Manrique)
"Tare da kallo ɗaya, nishi ɗaya, kun fi kyau a gare ni (Garcilaso de la Vega)
"Masu hankaka tare da kukansu suna dariya ga sa'a na (Lope de Vega)
"Mafi kyawun ƙauna, mafi kyawun sha'awa, mafi kyawun ji (Miguel de Unamuno)
"Kuma ko da yake duk duniya ta ɗauki fansa a kaina (Juan Ramón Jiménez)
“Don soyayya ta fi mutuwa ƙarfi, hassada ta fi kabari ƙarfi (Waƙar Waƙoƙi)
Haba gida mai dadi, cinyar rayuwa, ta’aziyyar zuciya! (Francisco de Quevedo)
"Mene ne rayuwa? A haukace. Menene rayuwa? Wani mafarki (Pedro Calderón de la Barca)
"Zuciyata tana harbawa, raina yana wuta" (William Shakespeare)
Haba mutuwa, mutuwa mai daɗi, ƙarshen baƙin cikina! (John Donne)
Gimbiya tana bakin ciki… me gimbiya zata samu?
Hankula sun kubuta daga bakinta na strawberry,
wanda ya rasa dariya, wane ya rasa launi.
Gimbiya lalatacciya a kujerunta na zinare,
madannin madannan muryar shi bebe;
kuma a cikin gilashi, manta, furen ya suma.
Ruben Dario. sonatina
"Ya abokaina masu dadi! Kai, wanda shine ta'aziyyata (Juan Ruiz de Alarcón)
"Kai, wanda shine rana da ke haskaka ranata, iskar da nake shaka (Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz)
Ya ku, ku waɗanne ne ruhin rayuwata, ƙauna da ke motsa ni! (Gustavo Adolfo Becquer)
Kai, wanda ke nufin zuciyata, hasken idanuwana! (Fernando Pessoa)
Haba gida mai dadi, cinyar rayuwa, ta’aziyyar zuciya! (Francisco de Quevedo)
Kai, waye rana ce ke haskaka ranata, iskar da nake shaka! (Sor Juana Ines De La Cruz)
Ya ku, ku waɗanne ne ruhin rayuwata, ƙauna da ke motsa ni! (Gustavo Adolfo Becquer)
"Ya abokaina masu dadi! Kai, wanda shine ta'aziyyata (Juan Ruiz de Alarcón)
Kai, wanda ke nufin zuciyata, hasken idanuwana! (Fernando Pessoa)
Haba gida mai dadi, cinyar rayuwa, ta’aziyyar zuciya! (Francisco de Quevedo)
Kurciyoyi na kwaruruka suna ba ni rancen ku.
a ba ni aron, bayyanannun majiyoyi, jita-jita na ku,
Ku ba ni aron, kyawawan gandun daji, gunagunin ku na farin ciki,
Zan raira maka waƙar ɗaukakar Ubangiji.
Zorrilla
Ayarsa mai dadi ce kuma mai tsanani; ja layi
na poplar hunturu inda babu abin da ke haskakawa;
Lines kamar furrows a cikin filayen launin ruwan kasa,
da nisa, tsaunukan Castilla shuɗi.
Antonio Machado
A cikin ƙarni ban taɓa samun abin farin ciki haka ba,
babu inuwa mai dumi [ba] wari mai daɗi;
Na sauke kayana don in zama mugu,
sanya ni cikin inuwar wata kyakkyawar bishiya.
Gonzalo de Berceo
Kuna da shakku game da ayoyin Iskandariya? Ka tambaye mu za mu yi ƙoƙarin taimaka maka.