Sir Arthur Conan Doyle (1859 - 1930) shine marubucin dan asalin Scotland wanda ya shiga tarihi a matsayin wanda ya kirkiri shahararren mai binciken Sherlock Holmes. Koyaya, takaitaccen bayani ne don ayyana wannan mashahurin masanin ba tare da yin la'akari da wasu fannoni banda halayen mai binciken sa ba. Har ila yau, marubucin Ingilishi shima ya yi fice a aikin jarida kuma mutum ne mai mutunta jama'a.
Sauran halittunsa na adabi suna da yawan gaske, suna dauke da taken sama da sittin. Ciki har da, Babban yakin Boer (1900) y Batattu Duniya (1912) tabbas sune mafi sani. Bugu da ari, Doyle ya samar da littattafan tarihi da yawa, na soyayya, da na labarai. fiction kimiyyada kuma labaran ban dariya, wasan kwaikwayo, littattafan shayari, tatsuniyoyi da tarihin rayuwa.
Tarihin Rayuwa
Yara
Anyi masa baftisma da sunan Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle, an haife shi ne a 22 Mayu, 1859, a Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom. Ya girma a cikin dangin Irish Katolika mai arziki, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma yana da suna mai kyau a duniyar fasaha ta Burtaniya. Mahaifiyarsa, Mary Foley, ta san yadda ake haɗa (da kuma isar da ita ga 'ya'yanta) sha'awar wasiƙu tare da wajibcin gida.
A gefe guda, Charles, mahaifinsa ya kasance ƙwararren masani (hoton murfin Nazarin a cikin Scarlet, littafi na farko mai suna Holmes). Amma duk da haka ya kasance cikakken mashayiSaboda haka, ya kasance a cibiyoyin kiwon lafiya a lokuta da dama. Hakanan, rashin lafiyar mahaifinsa ya sa baffannin suka kula da jariri Arthur lokacin yana ɗan shekara 9.
Yara da karatu
Farawa a 1968, matasa Doyle yayi karatu a Kwalejin Jesuit ta Stonyhurst Saint Mary's Hall (makarantar kwana), wanda ke cikin Lancashire, Ingila. A can ya bayyana labarinsa na farko. A 1870 aka sauya shi zuwa babbar ma'aikata - Stonyhurst College - har zuwa 1875 ya ci gaba da karatu a makarantar Jesuit Stella Matutina da ke Feldkirch, Austria.
Shekara guda bayan haka ya shiga Jami'ar Edinburgh don karatun likitanci. Wannan shawarar ta ba duk danginsa mamaki (sun yi imani cewa zai yi karatun zane). Tare da karatun sa mafi girma, Doyle ya wakilci gidansa na karatu a wasanni daban-daban (wasan rugby, golf da dambe). Menene ƙari, buga gajeren labarinsa na farko Sirrin kwarin Sasassa (1879) a cikin Jaridar Edinburgh ta Chambers.
Mararraba
A cikin 1880, Arthur Doyle ya kammala karatunsa na likita a matsayin mai tiyata a cikin Arctic a cikin jirgin ruwa. A shekara mai zuwa ya kammala karatun likita kuma a cikin 1885 ya kammala digirin digirgir. A halin yanzu, yana da lokacin da zai yi tafiya zuwa ƙetaren yammacin Afirka a cikin 1882 kuma ya fara rubuta littattafansa na farko. Yawancin waɗannan rubutun an yi wahayi zuwa gare su ne ta hanyar tafiyarsa ta teku.
Hakanan, a Jami'ar Edinburgh kuma a cikin ƙungiyar wasan kurket ya haɗu da marubutan da za su zo nan gaba kamar su James Barrie da Robert L. Stevenson. A wannan lokacin, Doyle ya fara hanyarsa ta ruhaniya don cutar da Katolika. A zahiri, bayan wasu shekaru ya buga labarai da yawa da suka danganci wannan halin yanzu na "addinan hankali".
Daga magani zuwa adabi
Doyle ya kafa ofisoshin likitoci guda biyu, na farko a Portsmouth sannan daga baya a London. A lokuta biyun, bai samar da abubuwan da ake buƙata ba don sa sana'arsa ta ci gaba. Koyaya, wannan yanayin ya bar masa lokaci mai yawa don rubutu. Ta wannan hanyar, wallafe-wallafen gajerun matani sun bayyana kamar Labarin J. Habakuk Jephson (1884) ko Sirrin Cloomber (1889).
Kuna iya siyan littafin anan: Sherlock Holmes, Nazarin a cikin Scarlet
ma, con Yin Nazari a cikin Scarlet (1887) marubucin Ingilishi ya fara jerin shahararren jami'in bincike kowane lokaci: Sherlock Holmes. Duk da ɗaukakar da aka samu saboda kyawawan halayen da ke tare da mai taimaka masa mai aminci, Dr. Watson, Doyle ya zo don ƙyamar wannan mai ba da labarin. Marubucin ɗan asalin Scotland har ma ya “kashe” Holmes a cikin takaddama mai rikitarwa mai take Matsalar ƙarshe.
Aure
Ya kasance shekara ta 1885 lokacin da Arthur Doyle ya auri Louisa Hawkins, mahaifiyar 'ya'yansa biyu na farko. A cikin 1883 an gano ta da tarin fuka, yanayin da ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar ta a hannun Doyle shekaru 13 bayan haka. A cikin 1907, marubucin Edinburgh ya auri Jean Leckie, mai sihiri wanda ya yi ƙawance da shi fiye da shekaru goma. Ma'auratan sun sami karin yara uku.
El sir
A cikin 1900, Doyle ya buga Babban Yaƙin Boer. Manufa ce wacce take tabbatar da kasancewar Masarautar Burtaniya a yakin suna iri daya wanda ya gudana a kudancin Afirka. Wannan rubutun ya sami yabo daga masarautar Burtaniya. Zuwa ga cewa Ya ƙare da kasancewa mai dokin Dokar Masarautar Burtaniya. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an ɗauke shi a matsayin "sir."
Sihiri
Marubucin ɗan Scotland ya wallafa rubuce rubuce da yawa game da imaninsa kuma ya zama mai kwazo sosai a shekarun rayuwarsa ta karshe. Ta yadda har ya kawo karshen bacin ran abokinsa Harry Houdini kuma ya goyi bayan dalilai masu kawo rigima (kamar shaidar wadanda ke da hannu a cikin batun almara na Cottingley, misali).
Abin da ya fi haka, a cikin 1929 Doyle ya yi biris da takardar hutu don Angina Pectoris kuma ya yanke shawarar zuwa rangadin laccar ruhaniya ta Netherlands.. Bayan ya dawo gida Crowborough, Ingila, ya kasance kwance kwance gaba ɗaya saboda ciwon kirji. Lokacin da ya tashi a karo na karshe a ranar 7 ga Yulin 1930, sai aka buge shi a cikin lambunsa.
Ginin gini
Baya ga labarai sama da sittin da suka bazu kan litattafai hudu da labarai masu yawa wadanda suka hada da Holmes da Dr. John Watson, Doyle marubucin littattafai ne masu yawa, duka almara da waɗanda ba almara. Kodayake wucewarsa ta makarantar likitanci ta Jami'ar Edinburgh a 1876 ya yanke hukunci game da aikinsa. Don a can ya zama almajirin Joseph Bell.
Gina halin Sherlock Holmes
Dokta Bell ya burge matashi Doyle tare da daidaitattun abubuwan da yake aiwatarwa. Wanne - a haɗe da sha'awar halin Edgar Allan Poe na Detective Dupin - ya tsara tunanin mai binciken sa na kimiyya. Ko da satar mutane a matsayin hanya don gano gaskiyar laifi an yi karatun ta hauhawa tun a tsakiyar karni na XNUMX.
Daga cikin masu ilimin ilimi tare da wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan game da lamarin, K. Clemens Franken (2015) ya nuna yanayin ƙirar bayanan da aka lura. A wancan lokacin, ka'idar da ta dogara da hujja mai ma'ana ita ce mabuɗin warware kowane asiri. Sabili da haka, duk wani nau'in amsar da ba za a iya tabbatar da ita ba a kimiyance, wanda ya danganci son zuciya, camfi ko kuma bazuwar imani, an yi watsi da ita.
Sherlock Holmes wallafe
- Nazarin a cikin Scarlet (1887). Labari.
- Alamar su hudun (1890). Labari.
- Kasadar Sherlock Holmes (1891-92).
- Littattafan Sherlock Holmes (1892-93).
- Wasan baskerville (1901-02). Labari
- Dawowar Sherlock Holmes (1903-04).
- Bakansa na karshe (1908-17).
- Kwarin ta'addanci (1914-15).
- Taskar Sherlock Holmes (1924-26).
Sauran shahararrun ayyukan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Starring Prof. Challenger
Batattu Duniya
- Batattu Duniya (1912).
- Yankin guba (1913).
- Lokacin da Duniya tayi kururuwa (1928).
- Na'urar Tarwatsewa (1929).
- Ofasar hazo (1926).
- Abyss na Maracot (1929).
Littattafan tarihi
- Mika clarke (1888)
- Kamfanin farin (1891).
- Babban inuwa (1892).
- Dutse Rodney (1896).
- Kawun Bernac (1897).
- Nazarin halitta (1901).
- sir nigel (1906).
- Amfani da Brigadier Gerard (1896).
- Kasadar Birgediya Gerard (1903).
- Bikin Birgediya (1910).
Wasu daga cikin sanannun labaransa, rubuce-rubuce da kuma bayyana abubuwa
- Kyaftin na Polestar da sauran tatsuniyoyi (1890).
- Babban gwajin Keinplatz (1890).
- Ayyukan Raffles Haw (1891).
- Jane Annie ko Kyakkyawan duabi'a (1893)
- Abokina Abokan kisan kai da Sauran abubuwan sirri da Kasada (1893).
- Zagaye Fitilar Ja (1894). Labari game da ayyukan likita.
- Haruffa Munyi Munro (1895).
- Wakokin Aiki (1898).
- Bala'in Korosko (1898).
- Zuwa Duet (1899).
- Babban Yaƙin Boer (1900).
- Ta cikin mayafin (1907).
- Kewaye Labaran Wuta (1908).
- Laifin Congo (1909).
- Gidan da aka rasa (1911).
- Firgita a cikin duwatsu (1913).
- Gangamin Biritaniya a Faransa da Flanders: 1914 (1916).
- Sabon Wahayin (1918).
- Asirin abubuwan ban mamaki (1921).
- Tatsuniyoyi na ban tsoro da asiri (1923).
- Tunawa da kasada (1924).
- Black Doctor da sauran Tatsuniyoyi na Tsoro da Mystery (1925)
- Abubuwan da Kyaftin Sharkey yayi (1925).
- Mutumin Arkángel (1925).
- Tarihin Ruhaniya (1926).