A bankunan Sar Shine littafi na karshe da marubucin waƙoƙin Galician kuma marubucin littattafai Rosalía de Castro. An buga shi a cikin 1884, ya zama wani waƙoƙi ne da ba a fahimta sosai ba saboda mitar da ba ta dace ba, nesa da salon waƙoƙin gargajiya. Abu ne mai sauƙi na waƙa, tare da halaye na Romanism da Zamanin zamani a cikin irin wannan yanayin.
Bugu da kari, haikalin da ke cike da rashin bege (inda ko da addini ba ya ba da ta'aziyya ta ruhaniya) ya nuna irin mawuyacin halin da marubucin ya fuskanta a shekarun ta na ƙarshe. Duk da bayyanannun fasalulluka, sukar adabi na lokacin yayi watsi da wannan aikin. Koyaya, a halin yanzu masana tarihi da yawa suna ɗaukarsa a matsayin matsakaicin opera na waƙoƙin Mutanen Espanya na ƙarni na XNUMX.
Game da marubucin, Rosalía de Castro
An yi mata baftisma da sunan María Rosalía Rita Expósito, an haife ta ne a Santiago de Compostela, Spain, a ranar 24 ga Fabrairu, 1837. Ko da yake yawancin littattafanta suna da yawa, Castro ya shiga cikin tarihi - tare da Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer - a matsayin ɗayan mahimmancin waƙoƙin Sifen na zamani.. Wannan ma'anar ta samo asali ne daga ayyukan alamu guda uku:
- Wakokin Galizia (1863).
- Bugun Novas (1880).
- A bankunan Sar (1884).
Kodayake rubuce-rubucensa da yawa sun bayyana a cikin Sifen, Rosalia Yana ɗayan fuka-fukan da suka fi dacewa a cikin harshen asalin Galician. Ba abin mamaki bane, ita (tare da adadi irin su Eduardo Pondal da Curro Enríquez) ana ɗaukarta muhimmiyar wakiliyar Galician Rexurdimento. Abin takaici, ba a yaba wa mawakin aikinsa yadda ya kamata har zuwa mutuwarta.
Abubuwa da kuma yanayin mahallin adabinsa
Za a iya rarrabe ƙarin raƙuman ruwa guda biyu ko ƙasa da haka a cikin aikin Rosalía de Castro. Na farko, Abu ne mai sauƙi a gane ra'ayin mutum, mai ra'ayin kansa, mawaƙin ruhaniya wanda yake da lamuran halin ɗan Adam. Sakamakon haka, a cikin wannan facin marubucin ya iya bayyana jimloli da ra'ayoyi masu mahimmanci na duniya.
A gefe guda, Marubuciyar ta zama mai magana da yawun ƙasarta da ta sha wahala kuma mawaƙi na dukkan Mawallafan. A lokacin da aka yasar da harshen Galicia gaba ɗaya, aka sanya shi azaman yare mara kyau kuma ba tare da rubutacciyar al'ada ba. Don haka ta hanyar tsara yawancin waqoqinsa a cikin Galician, Rosalía ta nuna kwalliyarta yayin da ta zama babbar damuwa ga masu sukar.
Legacy
Adadin Rosalía de Castro ya fara zama sananne a lokacin 1890s, godiya ga wasu membobin Zamani na 98. Azorín da Miguel de Unamuno sun kasance manyan magoyan bayanta biyu kuma, zuwa wani ɗan rashi, Antonio Machado da Juan Ramón Jiménez. A zahiri, na biyun ya cancanta da shi azaman farko na cigaban zamani na Mutanen Espanya.
Daga baya a yayin bikin cika shekaru dari da wallafa Wakokin Galizia, Royal Galician Academy ta kafa cewa a ranar 17 ga Mayu na kowace shekara da Ranar Litattafan Galiziya. Amma ba wai kawai a cikin Galicia ba an tabbatar da marubucin daga Santiago. Da kyau, ya karɓi kyaututtuka iri daban-daban a wasu yankuna na Spain da cikin ƙasashe irin su Russia, Argentina, Uruguay da Venezuela.
Analysis of A bankunan Sar
A cewar Alonso Montero, A bankunan Sar "yarjejeniya ce ta halakarwa" wacce ke zurfafawa cikin samfuran duhu na ruhu. Taken yana nufin bankunan kogin Sar yayin da yake ratsawa ta Padrón. A can, tana jiran Charon, marubuciyar ta yi murabus zuwa ga mutuwa sanadiyyar cutar kansa. Wanda a ƙarshe ya faru shekara guda bayan buga ƙarar.
Koyaya, babu yarjejeniya tsakanin masana tarihi game da kwanan watan waƙoƙin. Sakamakon haka, ba cikakke daidai ba ne a nuna cewa rashin lafiya shi ne babban abin da ya sa wakokinsa suke. A kowane hali, mafi dacewa yanayin juzu'i shine salo mai sauki. Hakanan ƙwarewar haɓakawa wacce aka fassara ta baƙin ciki cike da kiɗa.
Estructura
A bankunan Sar Volumearadi ne gabaɗaya da aka rubuta shi a cikin Mutanen Espanya, wanda ya ƙunshi waƙoƙi 53 waɗanda ke rufe shafuka 177. A cikin kowannen su Rosalía de Castro ya nuna jin daɗi daban, gami da mafi yawan saiti na rashin tsammani. Wannan yanayin yana da alamar gaske a cikin sassan inda mawaƙi ya zurfafa cikin wasu abubuwan tunawa ta hanyar maganganu masu mahimmanci.
Jigogi
Marubucin Galician baya jinkirin tayar da tunani tare da tsinkaya a cikin wannan yanayin, koyaushe tare da niyyar saita karin wajan dace da yanayi. Wannan abin faɗi ne a cikin gaba mai zuwa na waƙar "Ganyayyaki suna rawar jiki kuma raina ya yi rawar jiki":
"Cewa yau, gobe, kafin da yanzu,
Haka yake, koyaushe,
Maza da fruitsa fruitsan itace, shuke-shuke da furanni,
Suna zuwa suna komawa, ana haihuwarsu kuma suna mutuwa ”.
Hakanan, Rosalía de Castro ya ɗauki ƙauna da sha'awa kamar yadda ya haifar da nadama daga baya. Saboda wannan, yawancin masana tarihi suna tsara aikinsu a cikin lokacin da aka sani da ƙarshen ƙawancen soyayya. Hakanan, sauran waƙoƙin suna magana ne game da damuwa don makoma mara kyau, kamar yadda aka gani a cikin baƙon mai zuwa na waƙar "Kishi don ƙauna yana da, kuma ya bar":
"Jin karshen bazara
Marasa lafiya ba su da bege,
"Zan mutu a kaka!"
Ta yi tunani tsakanin melancholic da farin ciki
Kuma zan ji yana birgima akan kabarina
Ganyen kuma sun mutu ”.
Mafi zurfin rashi
'Yan jimloli kaɗan na iya yin ƙarfi kamar "mataccen bege". Da kyau, yana wakiltar wani nau'i na ƙarshen ma'anar kalmar "fata shine abu na ƙarshe da za'a rasa." Amma "mataccen bege" yana wakiltar wuri mafi ƙanƙanci a cikin ruhun ɗan adam, shine ƙarshen kowane ruɗi. Musamman idan marubucin ya nuna cewa za a sami sauƙin gaske na gaske tare da mutuwa.
Jin daɗin hutawa na har abada
Ba ta hango mutuwa a matsayin mummunan abu ba, akasin haka, tana bayyana kanta a kan mutuwarsa tare da hasken bege wanda aka sabunta ta salamar salama ta har abada. A zahiri, A tsakiyar murabus din nata, mawakin yana nuna cewa ta ji dadin rayuwarta duk da wahala kuma a shirye take da haduwa da Allah.
A dalilin wannan, rufe murfin ba zai iya zama ban da waka ba "Ina jin shakku da firgici kawai":
"Ina jin shakku da tsoro ne kawai,
Kiristi allahntaka, idan na juya maka baya;
Amma idan na tafi Gicciye sai na juya idanuna,
Na hakura da kaina don ci gaba da wahala na.
Da kuma ɗago idanuwa cike da damuwa
Ina neman Mahaifinku a cikin babban sarari,
Kamar yadda matukin jirgi a cikin hadari ke nema
Hasken fitila wanda ke jagorantar ku zuwa tashar jirgin ruwa ”.