Ubangijin kudaje

Ubangijin kudaje shine littafin da marubucin Burtaniya William Golding ya yaba da shi. An buga shi a 1954, a Ubangijin kudaje (suna na asali a cikin Turanci) ana ɗaukarsa kamar ɗab'in gargajiya na Adabin Anglo-Saxon na zamanin bayan yaƙi. Koyaya, don farkon yearsan shekaru bayan ƙaddamarwa yana da ƙananan lambobin kasuwanci.

Tun daga 1960s ya zama karatun da ba makawa a kwalejoji da jami'o'i a Burtaniya da Amurka. Lakabin yana nuni ga muguntar mutum da ke kunshe cikin Beelzebub, gumakan Bafiliste (daga baya aka sanya shi cikin Kiristanci) wanda laƙabinsa shi ne "ubangijin ƙudaje."

Sobre el autor

Haihuwa, yarinta da kuruciya

A ranar 19 ga Satumba, 1911, William Gerald Golding ya ga hasken a karon farko. Bisa ga portal Tarihi da Rayuka, Saint Columb Minor ne mahaifarsa. Ananan ƙauye ne waɗanda ke gefen arewacin mashigar Cornwall, Ingila, Kingdomasar Ingila. Tun yana ƙarami ya sami ilimi mai ƙarfi, wanda ya fi karkata ga ɗabi'ar ɗan adam da adabi.

,Ari, Iyayensa, Alec (wanda malamin kimiyya ne) da Mildred (babban mai ba da shawara ga zaɓen mata) sun rinjayi hankali da tunani mai kyau. na saurayi William. A gefe guda, an yi alama ta musamman ta ayyukan William Shakespeare da Alfred Tennyson. Ba abin mamaki bane, littafinsa na farko, (Poems, 1934) tarin wakoki.

Kafin da bayan yakin duniya na II

Yayi karatun kimiyyar halitta (daga baya ya koma adabin Ingilishi) a Kwalejin Brasenose, Oxford. Sannan ya yi aiki a matsayin malami a tsakiyar shekarun 30 a Cibiyar Michael Hall a London. A 1937 ya koma Oxford don kammala digirin digirgir sannan shekaru biyu bayan haka ya auri Ann Brookfield, wanda ya haifa musu yara biyu, David da Judith Diana.

A cikin 1940 ya shiga aikin Sojan Ruwa na Burtaniya. Daga cikin sanannun kamfen da ya halarta akwai tsanantawa da lalacewar Bismarck Jamusanci, harma da saukar Normandy. Bayan yakin ya ƙare, William Golding ya sami damar ba da lokacinsa gaba ɗaya ga adabi.

El sir de las kudaje

Kuna iya siyan littafin anan: Ubangijin kudaje

Da farko, ya kamata a buga wannan littafin a ƙarƙashin taken Baƙi daga Cikin (Baƙi daga ciki). Amma, bayan an watsar da masu bugawa daban-daban, daga ƙarshe ya bayyana a cikin 1954 a matsayin Ubangijin kudaje. A yau ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan kyawawan maganganu masu ɗaukaka a cikin adabin zamani.

Littafin ya bayyana canjin da ɗalibai matasa suka yi daga halin rashin wayewa na farko da rashin laifi zuwa bayyanar muguntar Machiavellian. Inda jarirai ke kafa al'umma a ƙarƙashin dokokinsu wanda ke kaiwa ga al'umma mara ƙarfi, waɗanda ke ƙarƙashin dokar mafiya ƙarfi.

Duhun halittar mutum

Bayanan Zinare -Magada (1955), Cathedral (1964) y Hutun wucewa (1980), da sauransu- sun bi layin da aka zana Ubangijin kudaje. A cikinsu bincike akan mafi ƙanƙanci da munanan ji na ɗan adam yana bayyane.

Legacy

Saboda jigon sa na yau da kullun - kyakkyawa ga mutane na kowane zamani - ya sami lambobin yabo da yawa a rayuwa. Kodayake babu shakka manyan mutane biyu sune el Lambar yabo ta Nobel a adabi (1983) da taken Sir (1988) wanda Sarauniya Elizabeth II ta Ingila ta bashi. William Golding ya mutu a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1993, a Perranarworthal, UK

Jerin ayyukansa ya kammala ta:

• Martin castaway (Pincher Martin, 1956). Labari.
• Brass Butterfly (1958). Ayyukan wasan kwaikwayo.
• Rashin kyauta (Rashin kyauta, 1959). Labari.
• Kofofin zafi (Kofofin zafi, 1965). Ungiyar Essay.
• Dan fashin teku (Da dala, 1967). Labari.
• Allah kunama (Kunama Allah, 1971). Labari.
• Duhu mai gani (Duhu Zai Bayyana, 1979). Labari.
• Manufar Motsawa (1982). Ungiyar Essay.
• Takarda maza (Takarda Maza, 1984). Labari.
• Littafin Masar (Jaridar Masar, 1985). Labari.
• Zuwa Qarshen Duniya (labari na uku):
  • Hutun wucewa (Rites na Tafiya, 1980).
  • Jiki zuwa ga jiki (Kusa Kwata, 1987).
  • Wuta a cikin hanji (Wuta a ƙasa, 1989).
• Harshen ɓoye (Harshen Biyu, sha tara da tasa'in da shida). Bayan mutuwa.

Analysis of Ubangijin kudaje

Makirci da jigogi

Ubangijin kudaje labari ne na kwatanci game da rikici tsakanin wayewa da dabbancin dabi'a na kowane ɗan adam. Haka kuma, marubucin yayi jayayya cewa al'ummomi sun tashi ne kawai sakamakon muguntar mutum da kuma buƙatar sa.

Karkashin wadannan wuraren, Golding ya ɗauki ƙungiyar yara yan makaranta waɗanda suka yi saukar gaggawa a tsibiri a cikin 1945. Lokacin da jarirai suka lura da rashin manya, sukan shirya don yarda da nasu ƙa'idodin zama tare. Don haka, sun kafa kungiyoyi biyu: kanana ko "talakawa" (rashin kulawa, korafi da fitina) da kuma tsofaffi (shugabannin jagororin).

Son hankali da addini

A mãkirci na Ubangijin kudaje yana lulluɓe da mahimmancin hankali da ƙwarewar ɗan adam. A wannan ma'anar, ɗayan halayenta masu alamar alama shine Piggy. Wanene, duk da halin shakku da ladabi da biyayya, koyaushe yana ƙoƙari ya shawo kan abokin nasa game da abubuwan da zai iya cimma musu idan sun saurari nasu tunanin.

Hakanan, halayyar mutum ta mahangar ƙa'idodin addini tambaya ce mai yawa a cikin duk ayyukan Golding. Don yin wannan, yana amfani da haruffa kamar su Simón (ɗaya daga cikin jaruman labarin), waɗanda suka ƙunshi nagarta da tsarki.. Sabanin haka, marubucin Burtaniya ya bayyana wasu haruffa tare da ƙwarin gwiwa da halayen gaske.

Synopsis

Mayar da hankali kan al'amuran sun dogara ne akan ƙungiyar manyan yara. Daga cikin su, Ralf yana aiki ne a matsayin "shugaba", saboda wannan, yana sanya sautin harsashin katantanwa don kiran sauran yara. Hakanan, ana ganin Simon a matsayin ɗan ƙaramin wimp wimp, haka kuma an raina Piggy saboda kasancewa mai zafin hali da ɗabi'ar sa.

A gefe guda kuma, Jack shine mafi yawan tashin hankali, ya tattara "masu adawa" wadanda basa yarda da ra'ayoyin Ralf. Latterarshen ya yi imani da yawa game da dabarun da aka mai da hankali kan samun ceton kowa (kamar wutar ƙonawa a saman dutsen, misali). Madadin haka, Jack yana ba da shawarar kirkirar "kabila", masani kan tattarawa, farauta da dabarun rayuwa.

Wasan

Fada tsakanin ɓangarorin biyu masu juyayi - Ralf da Jack - ba makawa. A tsakiyar fadace-fadacen, an kashe kyawawan mutane kamar Simon da Piggy, yayin da wasu masu tashin hankali (Robert, alal misali) suna nuna duk ɓatarwarsu. Daga qarshe, Ralf yana tsananin tilastawa ya gudu (ana masa barazanar mutuwa) har sai an sami nasarar ceto dukkan yaran.