Shin Shakespeare ya ƙirƙira kalmomi da jimloli da yawa kamar yadda ake da'awa?

A cewar wani masanin Australiya, Shakespeare bai yi amfani da jimloli kamar "yana cikin Girkanci a wurina ba" ko "bincike mara amfani."

A cikin labarin da aka buga akan shafin yanar gizon Jami'ar Melbourne na Dr. David McInnism se ya zargi kamus din Ingilishi na Oxford da nuna son kai a game da ambaton suna Shakespeare a matsayin wanda ya kirkiro daruruwan kalmomin Ingilishi. Oxford English Dictionary (OED) yana da sama da kwatancen Shakespeare 33000, a cewar McInnis, tare da kimanin 1.500 da ke kiran su "farkon shaidar kalmar Ingilishi" kuma kusan 7.500 an ayyana shi a matsayin "farkon shaidar wata ma'ana ta musamman".

“Amma OED yana da son zuciya: musamman a farkon zamanin, an fi son misalan adabi kuma mafi shahara a cikinsu. Ana kammala cikakkun ayyukan Shakespeare a cikin misalan farkon amfani da kalmomi, duk da cewa kalmomi ko jimloli na iya amfani da mutanen da ba sanannun sanannun ba da kuma masu karancin adabi. "

A cewar marubucin labarin, Shakespeare a zahiri bai kirkiro dukkan kalmomi da kalmomin da aka jingina masa a zamaninsa ba kuma ake ci gaba da danganta shi da shi a yau.

“Masu sauraronsa dole ne su fahimta, aƙalla, ainihin abin da yake son faɗi, don haka kalmominsa galibi kalmomi ne waɗanda suke cikin yawo ko haɗuwa da ma'anar abubuwan da suka gabata. "

Kalmomin “Helenanci ne a wurina” (“Helenanci ne a wurina”), alal misali, yana nufin magana mara fahimta da Julius Caesar ya yi lokacin da Casca ya gaya wa Cicero cewa “Waɗanda ba su fahimce shi ba suna yi wa juna murmushi da girgiza kawunansu . amma, a nawa bangare, yaren Girka ne a wurina. "

Aikin, wanda McInnis ya fara daga 1599, shine farkon misalin jumlar a cikin ƙamus na Turanci na Oxford, amma wannan jumlar an kuma yi amfani da ita a cikin littafin Robert Greene na The Scottish History, wanda aka buga a 1598 kuma mai yiwuwa an rubuta shi a 1590..

"A ciki, wani mutum ya tambayi wata mace ko za ta ƙaunace shi kuma ta amsa masa a hanya mara ma'ana:" Ba zan iya ƙiyayya ba. Ya danna ya tambaye ta ko za ta aure shi, wanda ta yi kamar ba ta fahimta ba: “yana cikin yaren Girkanci a gare ni, ya shugabana"Shin ya amsa ta karshe?"

A nasa bangare, wasan kwaikwayon na Shakespeare "Romeo and Juliet" OED ya ambata a matsayin misali na farko na jumlar bincike mara amfani a 1595. Wannan kalmar ta fada ne ta Mercury ga Romeo kuma ita ce mai zuwa:

“A'a, idan wayonku ya haifar da farautar dawa, ina tsammanin na ɓace; Da kyau, tabbas kuna da ƙari da yawa a cikin ma'ana ɗaya fiye da yadda nake da ni a duk ni biyar. Shin ina wasa da kuda ne? "

Amma McInnis ya nuna amfani da wannan jimlar a cikin 1593 ta peta ta Gervase Markham lokacin da yake magana game da lakabtawa. Hakazalika, McInnis ya yi tsokaci kan cewa kalmomin Shakespeare wani lokacin abin tunawa ne kuma asali ne yayin da akwai wasu, kamar yadda yake a batun jumlar "yin jakin kanki", inda ya yi tsokaci cewa marubucin wasan kwaikwayo da alama ya kirkiro wannan magana ne.

"To, Shin da gaske Shakespeare ya ƙirƙira waɗannan kalmomin? A'a ba da gaske ba. Ya kirkiri wasu; wadanda aka fi sani sun faru ne a gare shi a matsayin hadadden abin da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba ko kuma wanda aka fi amfani da shi, kuma galibi za mu iya samun amfani a baya wanda har yanzu kamus din Ingilishi na Oxford bai kawo shi ba. Gwanin Shakespeare ya ta'allaka ne da sanin yanayin ɗabi'ar ɗan adam, da iya bayar da labarai masu ƙayatarwa, da kuma ƙirƙirar kyawawan halaye., ba wai kawai daga damar da zai iya ko ba zai iya amfani da sababbin kalmomi ba. "

Wani mai magana da yawun OED ya ce yana da cikakken nazari wanda aka tsara wanda a halin yanzu ke gudana kuma hakan yana neman sake duba kowace kalma zuwa, a cewar sharhi, "inganta daidaito na ma'anoni, ra'ayoyi, lafazi da ambaton tarihi"

“Wani muhimmin bangare na aikin shi ne yin sabon bincike daga dimbin fayel din dijital da albarkatu. Waɗannan suna bayyana shaidu masu yawa waɗanda asalin editocin kamus ɗin ba su gani ba, waɗanda tun da farko suka karɓi kowane irin rubutu, na adabi ko a'a, a matsayin ingantacciyar shaida. A matsayin ɓangare na tsari, mun gano hujja a baya don kalmomi da jimloli da yawa waɗanda aka ambata a baya ga Shakespeare"