XNUMX shine adadin marubutan da suka yi rubuce-rubuce cikin Ingilishi kuma aka ba su lambar yabo ta Nobel kan adabi. tun lokacin da aka kaddamar da shi a kasar Sweden a shekarar 1901. Na farko shi ne Rudyard Kipling a shekarar 1907 sannan na karshe Abdulrazak Gurnah a shekarar 2021, daga Tanzaniya, wanda ya gudanar da aikinsa cikin Turanci.
Kamar yadda kuma ya faru da marubutan da suka rubuta a cikin Mutanen Espanya, da kuma a cikin wasu harsuna da wallafe-wallafen da aka ba da kyauta, marubutan Anglo-Saxon da suka ci nasara sun yi fice. girman aikinsa, saboda ingancinsa, dagewarsa da tsayin daka, ya ƙirƙira aikin wasiƙa a tsawon rayuwarsa.. Wadannan su ne wadanda da aikinsu suka taimaka wajen inganta al’umma.
Jerin marubutan Amurka
Sinclair Lewis - 1930
Mawallafin Ba'amurke na farko da ya ci nasara Lambar yabo ta Nobel a adabi, litattafansa na gaskiya sun kasance suna suka ne ga bourgeoisie na lokacin. hakan ba zai iya faruwa a nan ba (Bazai Iya Faru Anan ba) wani satire na dystopian ne game da ƙirƙirar ƙasar farkisanci a Amurka tare da wuce gona da iri a cikin 1935; ko da yake watakila Babbitt zama babban aikinsa. Sun kuma bayyana ayyukansa na wasan kwaikwayo da na jarida. Ya mutu a Roma a 1951.
Don fasaharsa mai ƙarfi da zane na kwatance da ikonsa na ƙirƙira, tare da wayo da ban dariya, sabbin nau'ikan haruffa.
Eugene O'Neill - 1936
Bai gaza sau hudu ba ya samu Kyautar Pulitzer wannan fitaccen marubucin wasan kwaikwayo na New York wanda ya rubuta ayyuka cike da haƙiƙanin ban mamaki. An san su da jajircewa wajen gaya wa mafi yawan rashin godiya na rayuwa, halayensu sun kasance masu tsira da rashin dacewa da zamantakewa. Mafi sanannun aikinsa shine watakila Wish a ƙarƙashin elms (Sha'awa a karkashin Elms), sabunta fassarar bala'i na gargajiya.
Ga masu iko, masu gaskiya da zurfin motsin rai da aka fahimta a cikin ayyukansa masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ke wakiltar ainihin ra'ayi na bala'i.
Pearl S. Buck - 1938
Ita ce mace Ba’amurke ta farko kuma marubuciya ta farko a harshen Ingilishi da ta samu wannan lambar yabo.. Ana kuma kiranta da sunan kasar Sin Sai Zhen, yayin da ta yi farkon farkon rayuwarta a kasar Sin. Ya noma musamman novel da kuma salon rayuwa. Ya yi nasara Danshi a 1932 kuma littafinsa mafi shahara shi ne Kyakkyawan ƙasa. Har ila yau, ta kasance mai rajin kare hakkin mata da kare hakkin dan Adam, kuma mai kare al'adun Asiya.
Domin arziƙinsa da haƙiƙanin kwatancen rayuwar manoma a kasar Sin da kuma abubuwan da ya yi na tarihin rayuwa.
William Faulkner - 1949
Ya kasance marubuci kuma marubucin labari wanda ya karbi Kyautar Pulitzer don Fiction. Ayyukansa yana iyakance ga zamani da wallafe-wallafen gwaji. Ana la'akari da shi a matsayin ma'auni na haruffan Anglo-Saxon kuma tasirinsa yana canzawa a cikin karni na XNUMX, ya kai ga marubutan Hispanic kamar García Márquez da Vagas Llosa. Daya daga cikin manyan ayyukansa shine novel Hayaniya da fushin.
Don gudunmawarsa mai ƙarfi da fasaha ta musamman ga littafin tarihin Amurka na zamani.
Ernest Hemingway - 1954
Marubuci tare da aikin adabi mai yawa a cikin labarin almara da aikin jarida. kuma ya karbi Kyautar Pulitzer. Ƙaunarsa ga Spain da al'adunta sun fito fili, yana aiki a matsayin ɗan jarida a lokacin yakin basasa. Rayuwarsa tana cike da al'adu yayin da ya ga wasu muhimman abubuwan tarihi na karni na XNUMX. Wasu daga cikin sanannun ayyukansa sune Tsohon mutum da teku, Barka da zuwa bindiga y Ga wanda ellararrawar olararrawa. Ya kashe kansa yana da shekaru 61 a duniya.
Don ƙwarensa na fasahar ba da labari, wanda aka nuna kwanan nan a cikin Tsohon mutum da teku, kuma ga tasirin da ya yi akan salon zamani.
John Steinbeck-1962
Ya kasance marubucin litattafai na al'ada waɗanda suka zaburar da fina-finai da yawa. Baya ga kasancewarsa marubuci, ya kuma kasance marubucin gajerun labarai kuma marubucin fina-finai, inda ya zama zababben mutane da yawa. Oscar. Ya kuma lashe gasar Kyautar Pulitzer. Wasu daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa su ne Na beraye da maza, Inabin Fushi y Gabashin Adnin.
Don rubuce-rubucensa na haƙiƙa kuma na haƙiƙa, haɗe su ta yadda za a haɗa abubuwan ban dariya da jin daɗin jin daɗin jama'a.
Saul Bello – 1976
An haife shi a Kanada, ya koma Amurka tun yana yaro. Kamar sauran marubutan da yawa, wannan marubucin asalin Bayahude-Rasha yana da fuskoki da yawa. Baya ga rubuce-rubuce, shi malamin jami'a ne kuma ya sadaukar da kansa ga littafin. Mafi sani shine Kasadar Augie Maris, Labari na picaresque a lokacin Babban Bacin rai wanda aka ba da labarin abubuwan da suka faru na rayuwa da girma na babban halinsa, Augie Maris.
Don fahimtar ɗan adam da bincike mai zurfi na al'adun zamani waɗanda ke haɗuwa a cikin aikinsa.
Tony Morrison - 1993
Ita ce ta farko baƙar fata edita ga edita Penguin Random House kuma ya samu Kyautar Pulitzer. Ta kasance mai kare haƙƙin farar hula na jama'ar Afirka-Amurka. Wannan zai zama jigo a cikin littafansa da kasidunsa. ƙaunatattuna daya ne daga cikin shahararrun litattafan litattafansa wadanda a cikin su ya yi magana kan batun bauta a Amurka.
Wanene a cikin litattafai da ke da ƙarfin hangen nesa da ma'anar waƙa, yana ba da rayuwa ga wani muhimmin al'amari na gaskiyar Amurka.
Bob Dylan-2016
Lokacin da Bob Dylan ya sace Lambar yabo ta Nobel a adabi Ya samu suka daga gare shi da kuma Sweden Academy, tare da mutane da yawa sa ran mawaƙin zai ƙi kyautar. Duk da haka, Dylan yana da kwazo wajen tsara wakoki, kuma cibiyar ta daraja aikinsa na kiɗa lokacin da ta yanke shawarar ba shi kyautar.. Bugu da kari, ana yi masa kallon daya daga cikin fitattun mutane a masana’antar waka ta zamani, kuma yana da dimbin sana’a a wannan fanni.
Domin ƙirƙirar sabon salon magana a cikin babban al'adar waƙa ta Amurka.
Louise Gluck - 2020
Mawaƙin Amurka wanda kuma an san aikinsa tare da Pulitzer Prize for Poetry. Wasu daga cikin muhimman littafan waqoqinsa su ne Jahannama o Wild Iris, fassara cikin Mutanen Espanya kamar daji iris. Gaba daya ya rubuta tarin wakoki goma sha daya. Duk da haka, a cikin aikinsa muna samun kasidu da ma kasidu kan wakoki.
Domin muryarsa marar kuskure wacce tare da kyawu ta sanya kasancewar mutum a duniya.
Jerin marubutan Burtaniya
Rudyard Kipling - 1907
Marubucin Littafin Jungle An haife shi a Bombay, a cikin British Raj a 1865. Shi ne mai karɓa na farko a cikin harshen Ingilishi na Lambar yabo ta Nobel a adabi (1907). Ya rubuta wakoki da labarai da litattafai; mai matukar sha'awar labarun yara kuma a cikin tatsuniyoyi na baya, kamar Kim, labari mai ban dariya da leken asiri. Memba na Royal Society of Literature na Birtaniya, ya ƙi, duk da haka, a ambaci sunansa sir da Knight na Order na Birtaniya Empire. Ya mutu a London a 1936.
Bisa la'akari da ikonsa na kallo, asalin hasashe, virility na ra'ayoyi da kuma hazaka na ban mamaki don ba da labari wanda ke nuna abubuwan halitta na shahararren marubucin duniya.
John Galsworthy - 1932
John Galsworthy marubuci ne kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. An ƙi sunan sir kuma shine shugaban farko na zababbun kulob din adabi PEN na duniya. Babban aikinsa na wakilci shine jerin litattafai Forsyte Saga (1906-1921) game da rayuwar dangin Ingilishi na babba-tsakiya. ya kasa karban Lambar yabo ta Nobel a adabi saboda ba shi da lafiya; Ya rasu bayan makonni a 1933.
Ga fitaccen fasaharsa na ba da labari wanda ke ɗaukar matsayi mafi girma a ciki Forsyte Saga.
T. S. Eliot - 1948
TS Eliot an haife shi ne a Amurka kuma a lokacin kuruciyarsa ya koma Burtaniya kuma ya canza dan Amurka zuwa Burtaniya. Babban aikinsa shi ne Landasasshen ƙasa, waka mai kusan layi 500 ta kasu kashi biyar. Marubucin ya sake tabbatar da kansa a cikin ainihin aikinsa, sakamakon tasirin Arewacin Amurka da Ingilishi.. Ya noma wakoki da wasan kwaikwayo da kasidu da labarai.
Domin fitacciyar gudummawar da ya bayar ga waka a yau.
Bertrand Russell - 1950
Baya ga kasancewarsa marubuci, shi ma masanin lissafi ne kuma masanin falsafa kuma ya kasance dan majalisar wakilai na jam'iyyar Labour kusan shekaru 40 har zuwa rasuwarsa. Ayyukansa na falsafa na cikin motsi na nazari ne, don haka yakan nemi hankali ta hanyar tunani da kimiyya.. Ya kasance wanda bai yarda da Allah ba kuma daya daga cikin fitattun ayyukansa shine rubutunsa Game da ma'anar. Ayyukansa sun yi tasiri ga masu tunani na karni na XNUMX a hanyar da ba ta dace ba.
Domin fahimtar rubuce-rubucensa iri-iri masu mahimmanci waɗanda a cikin su ya kare manufofin ɗan adam da yancin tunani.
Winston Churchill-1953
Dan siyasa da soja wanda aikinsa ya kasance na asali a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma shekaru masu zuwa. Babu shakka daya daga cikin manyan mutane masu tasiri na karni na XNUMX. Ya kasance Firayim Minista na Burtaniya kuma shugaban jam'iyyar Conservative Party. Girman girmansa a matsayin marubuci kuma wanda ya sami karramawar adabi mafi girma shine Yakin Duniya na Biyu, aikin tarihi mai juzu'i shida wanda ya shafi shekarun ƙarshe na Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya zuwa 1945.
Domin ƙwarensa na bayanin tarihin rayuwa da tarihinsa da kuma ƙwaƙƙwaran maganganunsa na kare martabar ɗan adam.
Babu kayayyakin samu.
William Golding - 1983
Mawallafin mawallafi na Burtaniya kuma mawaƙi, gwanintarsa shine sanannen labari Ubangijin kudaje. Littafi ne na matasa tare da gungun yara da matasa a matsayin jarumai; littafin ya gayyaci koyo da tambayoyi, watakila saboda wannan dalili aiki ne mai mahimmanci a makarantu a Ingila. Babban jigon shi ne yanayin ɗan adam da rashin tausayi da ainihin ainihin sa.
Ga litattafansa waɗanda, tare da fahimtar fasahar labari ta gaskiya da bambancin da duniya ta tatsuniyoyi, suna haskaka yanayin ɗan adam a duniya a yau.
VS Naipaul - 2001
VS Naipaul marubuci ɗan Biritaniya-Trinidadiya ne. An haife shi a Trinidad da Tobago. Filayensa sune novel, kasida da aikin jarida. ya kasance na Royal Society of Literature kuma sanannun ayyukansa su ne Gidan Malam Biswas y Bend a cikin kogi. A cikin aikinsa ya mayar da hankali kan mulkin mallaka da kuma al'adun da mazauna ke fama da su ta hanyar mamayewar kasashen waje.
Domin samun haɗin kai labari mai ma'ana da iko marar lalacewa a cikin ayyukan da ke tilasta mana ganin kasancewar labaran da aka danne.
Harold Pinter - 2005
Harold Pinter marubucin wasan kwaikwayo ne, darektan wasan kwaikwayo, marubucin allo, mawaƙi, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, kuma memba na Royal Society of Literature Daga Birtaniya mai girma. Hakanan, aka bayar da Laurence Olivier Award, mafi girma fitarwa a Birtaniya gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Daya daga cikin sanannun wasan kwaikwayo shi ne Dakin.
Wanda a cikin ayyukansa ya bayyana ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan zancen yau da kullun da tilasta shiga cikin rufaffiyar ɗakunan zalunci.
Doris Lessing - 2007
An haifi Doris Lessing a Iran. Ta rubuta a ƙarƙashin sunan wallafe-wallafen Jane Somers. Bugu da kari ya karbi Kyautar Gimbiya ta Asturias don Adabi. Ya rubuta labari a ƙarƙashin alkyabba daban-daban na gaskiya da dystopia. Littafin rubutu na zinare watakila littafinsa mafi shahara kuma ya kai jigogi da damuwa daban-daban, irin su mata, jima'i, gurguzu a Ingila ko yaƙi.
Wannan almara mai ba da labari na gwanintar mace wanda, tare da shakku, ƙwazo da ikon hangen nesa, ya ƙaddamar da wayewar rabe don dubawa.
Kazuo Ishiguro - 2017
An haifi Kazuo Ishiguro a kasar Japan kuma ya rike dan kasar Burtaniya tun 1982.; Ya kuma bunkasa aikinsa a Turanci. Shi memba ne na Royal Society of Literature na Burtaniya kuma an sadaukar da shi don rubuta litattafai. Duk da haka, shi ma marubucin allo ne kuma mawaki. Littattafansa sun shafi almarar kimiyya da duniyoyin dystopian, daya daga cikin ayyukansa da aka fi sani shi ne novel na wannan nau'in Kada ka bar ni. Ragowar rana o Abin da ya rage na rana wani labari ne wanda ya shahara kuma an yi shi a fim tare da babban nasara, ko da yake yana da wani jigo na daban.
Wanene, a cikin litattafansa masu ƙarfi na motsin rai, ya gano ramin da ke ƙarƙashin tunaninmu na ruɗani na alaƙa da duniya.
Jerin marubutan Irish
William Butler Yeats - 1923
Wannan marubuci sanannen mawaƙin Irish ne kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo. Alamun ainihi a cikin aikinsa ana samun su a cikin alamar alama, sufi da astrology. Ya kasance memba na Royal Society of Literature na Burtaniya kuma yana da ɗan ƙasar Ingila. Ya kasance mai siyasa a lokacin da Ireland ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. Ya mutu a Faransa a 1939.
Domin hurarrun waƙarsa koyaushe, waɗanda ke ba da fa'ida ga ruhin al'umma gaba ɗaya ta hanyar fasaha sosai.
George Bernard Shaw-1925
Shahararren marubucin wasan kwaikwayo yana son jayayya akan batutuwa daban-daban. Ikonsa a duniyar al'adu ya wuce wasan kwaikwayonsa, ya zube cikin sati; aikinsu kuma zai shafi rayuwar jama'a. ya kasance na Royal Society of Literature kuma dole in samu Oscar don mafi kyawun wasan kwaikwayo na allo don babban nau'in allo na Pygmalion a 1938. Ya rasu a 1950.
Domin aikinsa wanda ke da alamar akida da mutuntaka da kuma satar sa mai tada hankali wanda galibi ana lullube shi da kyawun wakoki guda ɗaya.
Babu kayayyakin samu.
Samuel Beckett - 1969
Samuel Beckett ya rubuta cikin wakoki na Faransanci da Ingilishi, wasan kwaikwayo, litattafai da sukar adabi.. Ya kasance dalibin James Joyce kuma yana daya daga cikin manyan marubutan karni na karshe. Ayyukansa, waɗanda na zamani ne da gwaji, suma suna da sifofi na rashin ƙima na jigogi, minimalism, ko baƙar dariya. Babban aikinsa shi ne Jiran Godot, na gidan wasan kwaikwayo na banza, wanda aka rubuta a cikin Faransanci kuma Beckett da kansa ya fassara zuwa Turanci. Har ila yau, aikinsa yana da jujjuyawa kuma yana da nauyi a cikin fina-finai, kiɗa ko ilimin halin dan Adam.
Don rubuce-rubucensa, wanda - a cikin sababbin nau'o'in litattafai da wasan kwaikwayo - a cikin kuncin mutum na zamani ya sami daukaka.
Seamus Heaney - 1995
Mawaƙin Irish haifaffen Burtaniya. Ya kuma yi aiki a matsayin malami a jami'o'i irin su Harvard da Berkeley. ya kasance na Royal Society of Literature na Burtaniya, da kuma Kwalejin Royal Irish. An yi la'akari da aikin waƙarsa, tare da na W. Butler Yeats, ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci a cikin harshen Ingilishi na karni na XNUMX..
Don ayyukan kyawawan waƙoƙi da zurfin ɗabi'a, ɗaukaka mu'ujizai na yau da kullun da rayuwar da ta gabata.
Sauran marubutan masu magana da Ingilishi
Rabindranath Tagore (British Raj) - 1913
Tagore ya rubuta aikinsa a cikin Bengali da Ingilishi. An haife shi a Birtaniya Raj a 1861; marubucin Bengali ne. Wannan marubucin masanin falsafa ne-mawaƙin da ke da alaƙa da Hindu. Ya kuma koyar da wasan kwaikwayo, kida, labarai da litattafai, zane-zane da kasidu. Ya fahimci fasaha a matsayin nau'i na magana da yawa da kuma fadada fasahar Bengali daga wannan ra'ayi. Ya mutu a Calcutta a 1941.
Saboda ayarsa mai zurfi, sabo kuma kyakkyawa, wacce tare da cikakkiyar fasaha, ya sanya tunaninsa na waƙa, ya bayyana a cikin kalmominsa na Ingilishi, wani ɓangare na adabin Yammacin Turai.
Patrick White (Ostiraliya) - 1973
An haife shi a Burtaniya, rubutun Patrick White tatsuniya ne kuma ya zurfafa cikin ilimin halin dan Adam. Ya ba da babbar gudummawa ga wallafe-wallafen teku, saboda kasancewar asalin Ingilishi, ya san yadda ake ɗaukaka haruffan sabuwar nahiya kamar Oceania zuwa idanun Yammacin Turai. Ya rubuta litattafai, gajerun labarai da wasan kwaikwayo, musamman. Babban aikinsa shi ne mayar da hankali ga hadari.
Don fasahar labari mai ban mamaki da na tunani wanda ya gabatar da sabuwar nahiya ga adabi.
Wole Soyinka (Nigeria) – 1986
Wole Soyinka shine dan Afrika na farko da ya lashe gasar Kyautar Nobel a cikin Adabi kusan shekaru dari bayan bugu na farko. Harshensu da adabin su na cikin Ingilishi ne duk da rikice-rikicen da wannan ke haifarwa ga yawancin marubutan Afirka waɗanda ke sane da tarihin mulkin mallaka na Afirka. An dai daure Soyinka ne saboda ya tsaya tsayin daka wajen tabbatar da zaman lafiya a lokacin yakin basasar Najeriya. Marubuci ne na wasan kwaikwayo, wakoki, kasidu da litattafai, baya ga kasancewarsa dogon aiki a matsayin malamin adabi.
Wanene, a cikin mahangar al'adu mai fa'ida kuma tare da nuances na waƙa, ya ƙirƙira wasan kwaikwayo na wanzuwa.
Nadine Gordimer (Afirka ta Kudu) - 1991
Wannan mai ba da labari na Afirka ta Kudu ya kasance jajircewa sosai ga rigingimun da suka haifar wariyar launin fata a kasarsa kuma wannan zai zama babban jigo a cikin aikinsa. Ya kirkiro novel, short novel da short story kuma yana cikin littafin Royal Society of Literature daga Ingila. Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa Rungumar Soja o Jama'ar Yuli, ko da yake an ɗan buga su cikin Mutanen Espanya.
Wanene, ta wurin kyawawan rubuce-rubucensa na almara ya kasance -a cikin kalmomin Alfred Nobel- yana da fa'ida sosai ga ɗan adam.
Derek Walcott (Saint Lucia) - 1992
Mawaki ne kuma marubucin wasan kwaikwayo an haife shi a Saint Lucia, jiha ce ta Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka. Bugu da kari, shi ma mai zane ne na gani. A hakika, Ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da ya fi yabo shine Broadway musical. The Capeman, wanda a cikinsa ya shiga tare da babban tsarin waƙoƙin waƙoƙinsa.
Don aikin waƙa na babban haske, goyon bayan hangen nesa na tarihi, sakamakon sadaukarwar al'adu da yawa.
JM Coetzee (Afirka ta Kudu) - 2003
Mawallafin marubucin Afirka ta Kudu wanda ke da ɗan ƙasar Australiya shima. Ayyukansa sun shafi fagage da yawa a cikin adabi da fasaha: shi masanin harshe ne, mai fassara, farfesa na jami'a, mai suka kuma marubucin allo, da kuma marubucin adabi. Yana tasowa a matsayin mawaƙi, marubuci kuma marubuci. Shi ma dan kungiyar ne Societyungiyar Royal na Adabi y Babban aikinsa shi ne Rayuwa da lokutan Michael K.
Wanda a cikin ɓarna marar ƙididdigewa ya nuna abin mamaki na shigar baƙo.
Alice Munro (Kanada) - 2013
Wannan marubucin ɗan ƙasar Kanada ya haɓaka ɗan gajeren labari kuma ana ɗaukarsa a matakin Anton Chekhov. Farin ciki da yawa Babban aikinsa ne. Tarin labarai ne guda goma. Munro ya haɗu da gaskiya da almara kuma ya zana wahayinsa daga abubuwan da suka faru na yau da kullun da tatsuniyoyi, da kuma sauran halittun adabi. Marubucin ya rubuta ba tare da fasaha ba, tare da cikakkiyar dabi'a kuma ba tare da fanfare ba.
Malamin gajeren labari na wannan zamani.
Abdulrazak Gurnah (Tanzaniya) - 2021
Na ɗan ƙasar Burtaniya da Tanzaniya, wannan marubucin marubuci ya rubuta aikinsa a Turanci kuma ya zauna a Burtaniya shekaru da yawa. Shi ma malami ne a Jami'ar Kent kuma yana cikin Royal Society of Literature Birtaniya. Babban aikinsa shi ne Paraíso, wani labari na tarihi wanda ya ba da labarin kuncin rayuwa a Afirka yana ba da labarin irin hidimar da aka tilasta wa jarumin ta, a cikin yanayi na daji da rashin godiya, kuma a ko da yaushe yana jin tausayin wasu.
Domin fahimtarsa mai tausayi da rashin fahimta game da illolin mulkin mallaka da makomar 'yan gudun hijira a cikin tsaka mai wuya tsakanin al'adu da nahiyoyi.
