María Moliner ko lokacin da aka buɗe dakunan karatu 5.000 a Spain

Maria Moliner

Yau rana ce da galibi ake girmama marubuta da manyan ayyukan adabi. Koyaya, Ina so in girmama macen da ba ta rubuta littattafai ba, amma tana da hannu don kowa ya sami damar zuwa al'adu da karatu.

Ina magana game da Maria Moliner, wani ɗan mantuwa ɗan Jamhuriyar kuma wanda ke cikin buɗe dakunan karatu kuma ya samar da sanannen ƙamus: kamus ɗin María Moliner.

María Moliner (Zaragoza, 1900-Madrid, 1981), ta kasance mai ba da laburare, masanin ilimin ɗan adam da masanin rubutun kalmomi. 'Yar likitan karkara, ta kammala karatu a Tarihi daga Jami'ar Zaragoza kuma shekara guda daga baya ta shiga Faculty of Archivists, Librarians da Archaeologists da adawa.

Sanarwar Jamhuriya da Manufofin Ilimi

María, mai aure tare da yara, ta zauna a Valencia lokacin da aka sanar da Jamhuriyar a 1931. Bayan wata daya, gwamnati ta kirkiro Kwamitin Ofishin Jakadancin, inda María za ta shiga kuma ta ƙirƙirar wakilan Valencian.

A cikin 1931 jahilci a Spain ya wuce kashi 44, tare da yawancin mata, kuma kashi shida cikin ɗari na yawan jama'a ne ke da damar yin littattafai ko jaridu. Luis Cernuda, Juan Vicens da María Moliner ne suka dauki nauyin Laburaren kuma a gare shi kashi 60 cikin 1931 na kasafin kudin Ofishin Jakadancin, wanda ke nufin cewa a tsakanin 1936 da 5.522 an kirkiro sabbin dakunan karatu XNUMX.

A cikin Valencia, María ta ba da himma don fadada ɗakunan karatu, wanda ya ƙunshi littattafai ɗari ga kowane gari ko ƙauye, na yara da manya. A kewayen dakunan karatu, ya shirya jerin laccoci, zaman fina-finai, sauraren rediyo da kundin faya-fayan da aka zaba, mahimman manufofi a cikin shirin juyin juya halin sa na karatu da zamantakewar al'adu.

Kamar yadda ake tsammani, babu laburare masu aiki da yawa don ɗakunan karatu da yawa, don haka ya yanke shawarar barin su a hannun malamai maza da mata har ma da iyayen dangi, tunda ya lura cewa sun fi damuwa da al'adu fiye da maza kuma ya ga mata a cikinsu cikakkun mataimaka.

Kamar yadda María Moliner tayi bayani game da dakunan karatu:

Game da farkawa ne da inganta sha'awar karatu, wanda yasa a cikin rukunin da aka aiko akwai littattafai da yawa wadanda suke da daɗi da kuma ƙayatarwa, har ma da waɗanda ke da isassun bayanai game da waɗancan ra'ayoyin, waɗancan matsalolin da kuma rikice-rikicen da ke girgiza duniya. a cikin dukkanin umarni na tunani da dukkan manufofin rayuwa, menene asalin wannan abu na ɗan adam wanda ba zai iya ba kuma ba zai zama baƙon ga kowane mutum ba.

El Kamus na amfani da spanish by María Moliner

Ana ɗauka ɗayan mafi kyawun madadin ƙamus zuwa na Royal Academy (RAE), an buga shi a karo na farko a 1966-67 ta gidan buga littattafai na Gredos kuma María Moliner ta yi amfani da sama da shekaru goma sha biyar don ƙirƙirar ta.

Wannan ƙamus ɗin ma'anar, ma'ana iri ɗaya, maganganu da kalmomin da aka saita, da kuma iyalai masu ma'ana, shima ƙamus ne na gaskiya da kamanceceniya.

María Moliner ta yi tsammani a wasu fannoni kamar keɓewar Ll a cikin L, da kuma Ch a cikin(sharuddan cewa RAE ba za ta bi ba har sai 1994) ko hada sharuɗɗa cikin amfani ɗaya amma cewa RAE ba ta karɓa ba, kamar kalmar cybernetics.

Idan kana son karin bayani game da wannan kamus din, a cikin Yanar gizo Instituto Cervantes suna da cikakkiyar shigarwa akan sa.

María Moliner a yau

María Moliner misali ne na rashin adalci ga mata da dabbancin cikakken iko.

Game da dakunan karatu, Yakin Basasa na Spain da mulkin kama-karya na Franco da suka biyo baya sun rusa wannan babban aikin dakunan karatu na Ofishin Jakadancin Pedagogical da karatu da wayewa na al'adu. Kamar yadda Juan Vicens ya bayyana a Faransa a cikin 1938 lokacin da yake magana game da motsin da aka ba karatun jama'a a lokacin Jamhuriyar a Spain:

Labarin mai sauki ne, koyaushe iri daya ne yayin da mutane suka fada hannun abokan gaba: an harbe dan laburare, an kona littattafai, kuma duk wadanda suka halarci kungiyar tasa ana harbe su ko tsananta musu.

A gefe guda kuma, María Moliner ita ce 'yar takarar mace ta farko da ta mallaki kujera a Kwalejin Koyon Harshe, duk da cewa kasancewarta mace, kuma ana daukarta a matsayin kwararre a matsayin mai ba da laburari fiye da masaniyar kimiyyar taimakon jama'a, duk da cewa ta shirya wani mahimmin ƙamus, sanya shi bai taɓa shiga ta ba.

Carmen Conde, marubuciya kuma mace ta farko da aka shigar da ita Kwalejin a 1979, ba ta manta da ambatonta ba kai tsaye a cikin jawabin shigarta:

Shawarwarinku masu kyau sun kawo ƙarshen nuna bambanci da rashin nuna adabi na dā.

Wannan labarin yana girmamawa ga wannan baiwar yare da al'ada wacce tayi rawar gani wa littafin.


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  1.   Asunción Huertas Hagu m

    Yana da kyau a gare ni in tabbatar da wannan ɗabi'ar ta al'adun Sifen, an nuna mata wariya sau biyu saboda kasancewarta mace kuma don yin aikinta na misali a Jamhuriyar. Jin daɗin zuciyata gareta, tun da tunaninta, kodayake sun daɗe sosai, sun ba da 'ya'ya kuma ɗakunan karatu suna kasancewa, duk da rikice-rikicen, waɗannan wuraren saduwa da fahimta tsakanin mutane.