Don sani game da littafin tarihin Mutanen Espanya, to ya zama dole a fara bayani kan ko jinsi ne ko kuma wani sabon tsari. Dangane da wannan, babu ijma'i; wasu masana ilimi suna daukar littafin tarihin ne a matsayin reshen littafin, wasu kuma sun gwammace su ba shi ikon cin gashin kansa. Tabbas, mafi ma'anar ma'ana a halin yanzu tana nuni zuwa "dogon labari mai cike da nassoshi na tarihi."
Ala kulli hal, abin da ba a musantawa shi ne littafin tarihin Mutanen Espanya ya samo asali ne a karni na sha tara. Wannan aikin ya kasance tunani ne game da Soyayyar da aka tsara a cikin ingantattun abubuwa. Sakamakon haka, littafin ya kasance daga ɗaukaka ta motsin rai zuwa gina ainihin abubuwan da / ko haruffa, waɗanda suka haɗa da ɓangarorin kirkirarrun labarai (waɗanda ba za su taɓa sauya ainihin abin da ya faru ba).
Abubuwan da suka gabata na littafin tarihin Mutanen Espanya
Duk da yake yana da wahala a kafa ainihin asalin, Rafael Húmara y Salamanca ne ya rubuta littafin tarihin Spain na farko, Ramiro, Countididdigar Lucena (1823). A kan wannan, a cikin gabatarwarsa bayani ne mai ban sha'awa game da ma'anar littafin tarihi. Sannan ya bayyana Factionsungiyoyin Castile (1830) na Ramón López Soler, a matsayin wani ɗayan masu hidimar majagaba.
Kodayake waɗannan littattafan ba su taɓa ɓacewa tare da tasirin soyayya na lokacin ba, sun fara kirkirar littafin tarihin ne kamar haka. Saboda haka, yana da mahimmanci a ambaci ayyukan José de Espronceda (1808-1842), Enrique Gil y Carrasco (1815-1846) ko Francisco Navarro Villoslada (1818-1895). A ƙarshe, Benito Pérez Galdós da Pío Baroja sun zama manyan masu fitar da sanarwa.
Wasannin kasa (1872-1912), na Benito Pérez Galdós
Marubucin
Benito Pérez Galdós, marubuci ne, ɗan tarihi kuma ɗan siyasa na ƙasar Sifen, an haife shi a Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, a ranar 10 ga Mayu, 1843. Saboda haka, daga mahangar lissafi, ya kasance a zamanin Romanism ne. Koyaya, marubucin Canarian ya ɓarke gaba ɗaya tare da wannan motsi don bincika labaran gaskiya na ƙarni na sha tara. Saboda haka, ya sami damar haɓaka ainihin littafin tarihin.
Hakanan, an san shi a matsayin marubuci na duniya saboda godiyarsa mai ma'ana tare da halayyar halayyar halayyar mutum sosai (labari a Spain don lokacinsa). Kuma idan hakan bai isa ba, Ayyukansa masu yawa sun sanya shi dan takarar Nobel Prize for Literature a 1912, ban da
fiye da kasancewa memba na Royal Spanish Academy. Benito Perez Galdos Ya mutu a Madrid a ranar 4 ga Janairu, 1920.
Total labari na tarihi
Wasannin kasa aiki ne wanda ya kunshi litattafai 46 da aka fitar kashi biyar tsakanin 1873 da 1912. Wadannan jerin suna wakiltar tarihin tarihin Sifen ne wanda ya wuce shekaru saba'in (1805 - 1880). Dangane da haka, yana ɗaukar abubuwan da suka faru kamar Yaƙin Spain na Samun 'Yanci ko Maido da Bourbon.
ma, wasan marubucin ya haɗu da gaskiyar tarihi tare da haruffa ko yanayi domin a kirga tare da yin nazarin abubuwan da suka gabata, daga yanzu. Koyaya, duk matanin da ke cikin jerin suna da wannan kusancin, kusanci ko sanannen sautin da Pérez Galdós ke bayarwa ga al'amuran da suka shafi ƙasa.
Tunawa da wani mutum a aikace (1913 - 1935), daga Pío Baroja
Takaitaccen tarihin rayuwar marubucin
An haife shi a Spain a ranar 28 ga Disamba, 1872, Pío Baroja y Nessi fitaccen marubuci ne na ƙarni na 98. Koyaya, duk da karatun likitanci, ya dukufa ga rubutu, musamman ma labari da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A zahiri, ya zama ma'auni ga waɗannan nau'ikan a lokacinsa.
A gefe guda, marubucin ya haɓaka gaskiyar a cikin rubuce-rubucensa, wanda aka nuna shi da halayen mutum da hangen nesa na rayuwa. Daidai, a cikin litattafansa an tsinkaya wadanda basu dace ba kuma suka kasance masu ma'ana da jama'a, tare da wani mai rikon amana da kuma - lokaci-lokaci - yanayin siyasa mai rauni. Pío Baroja ya mutu a Madrid a 1956.
Littafin tarihin cikin mujalladai 22
con Tunawa da wani mutum a aikace, Pío Baroja ya wallafa jerin litattafan tarihi guda 22 tsakanin 1913 da 1935. A cikinsu, Eugenio de Aviraneta, ɗan siyasan Spain mai sassaucin ra'ayi, an same shi a matsayin babban ɗan wasa kuma jarumi, makirci kuma, har ila yau, kakanin marubucin.
Kasada da kuma asiri
Baroja ya ɗauki wannan halayyar ta gaske kuma mai mahimmanci a tarihin siyasar Sifen, don faɗi cikakkun bayanai game da rayuwarsa. A saboda wannan dalili, ya yi amfani da mahallin yakin independenceancin Spanishancin Spain don haɓaka saitin labaran da ke ƙunshe da kasada da ɓangarorin ɓoye.
Ta irin wannan hanyar cewa mai karatu na iya samun tarihin rayuwar Aviraneta mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki wanda aka saita a tsakiyar abubuwan tarihi neuralgic ga al'umma. Daga cikin waɗannan: yaƙin tsakanin masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da masu sassaucin ra'ayi, mamayewar Faransa na onsa Thousandan Dubu Dari na San Luis har zuwa Yaƙin Carlist na Farko.
Sojojin Salamis (2001), na Javier Cercas
Marubucin
An haifi Javier Cercas a Ibahernando, Cáceres, Spain, a cikin 1962. Marubuci ne, marubuci kuma masanin farfesa ne wanda ya ba da kansa sosai ga tsarin labarin. Kodayake ya tashi a cikin dangin Falangists (masu bin wannan ƙungiya ta akidar farkisanci), amma ya nisanta da wannan matsayin tun yana saurayi.
A cikin 1987, marubucin Spain ya wallafa littafinsa na farko (Wayar hannu); Kara, ya jira har 2001 tare da Sojojin Salamis don tsarkake kansa a matsayin marubuci. A cikin wannan rubutun, Cercas ya tona asirin salon rubutunsa na musamman wanda yake da alamun rashin ganuwa kan iyakoki tsakanin tarihi da almara.
Lokacin da littafin tarihi ya zama Mafi sayarwa
Lokacin da Javier Cercas ya wallafa littafinsa na huɗu a cikin 2001, Sojojin Salamis, Ban san cewa za a sayar da kofi sama da miliyan ba. Ko da, Wannan littafin labari na tarihi masu sharhi sun sanya shi a matsayin "mai mahimmanci".
Ci gabanta yana gabatarwa kusanci sosai na marubuci kuma wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar siyasa ta Falange ta Spain, Rafael Sánchez Maza.
Tsarin labari
Haka kuma karatu ne wanda yake da sha'awar bayyanar da rayuwar sha'awar wannan halin a cikin hade da abubuwan tarihin da aka bayyana. A saboda wannan dalili, Cercas ya raba jikin littafin labari zuwa kashi uku: a cikin na farkon, "Los amigos del bosque", mai ba da labarin ya yi wahayi zuwa rubuta labarinsa. A sashi na biyu, "Sojojin Salamina", an fallasa ainihin abubuwan da suka faru.
A ƙarshe, a cikin "Alƙawura a cikin Stockton", marubucin ya bayyana shakku game da littafin. A) Ee, asalin labarin shine rufe yakin basasar Spain, lokacin da Sánchez Maza ya tsere daga harbi. Daga baya, wani soja ya kama shi wanda ya ba da ransa kuma ya sa Cercas ta bincika batun. Amma abubuwan da suka faru ba a bayyana su gaba daya a littafin ba.
Sauran fitattun littattafan tarihin Sifen
- The carlist yaki (1908), na Ramón del Valle-Inclán
- Zuciyar greenstone (1942), na Salvador de Madariaga
- Ni, Sarki (1985), na Juan Antonio Vallejo-Nájera
- Inuwar gaggafa (1993), Arturo Perez-Reverte