Kasadar Tintin

Kasadar Tintin wasa ne mai ban dariya wanda ɗan wasan Belji mai zane Georges Remi (Hergé) ya kirkira. Wannan aikin ana ɗaukar shi ta hanyar masanan adabi da yawa a matsayin ɗayan shahararrun wasan kwaikwayo na ƙarni na 10 a Turai. A ranar 1929 ga Janairu, 24, na farko daga cikin ƙarin 46 da aka buga cikin shekaru 50 masu zuwa ya bayyana kuma aka fassara shi zuwa fiye da harsuna XNUMX. Dabi'unsa na sadarwa, daidaito da abokantaka suna da inganci madawwami.

Duk da haka, faifan Tintin - da Hergé - ba tare da rikici ba. An zarge su da ra'ayin dama-dama da hangen nesa na ƙyamar baƙi, tare da kwatancin ƙasashe, mutane da biranen, bisa ga ra'ayoyi. An nuna wannan ta hanyar karar da aka shigar a 2007 ta wani ɗan asalin ƙasar Congo. Waye ya nemi hana shigowa da karar Tintin au Congo, don wariyar launin fata (carscar Gual Boronat, 2011).

Game da marubucin, Georges Remi, Hergé

An haifi Georges Prosper Remi a garin Etterbeek, Belgium, a ranar 22 ga Mayu, 1907. Karatun sa na farko yayi dai dai da cigaban yakin duniya na farko. Yayin samartaka ya kasance cikin Yaron Scouts na Belgium; daga baya, ya shiga Ofungiyar Boyungiyar Boyan Sanda Katolika. Wannan canjin - gami da wajibcin halartar makarantar sakandare a makarantar addini, Saint Boniface- ya haifar da matsin lamba daga mahaifinsa, Alexis Remi.

Da farko wallafe-wallafe

Movementungiyar scout da Katolika suna da tasirin yanke hukunci akan halinsa da aikinsa. Farkon wasan barkwanci da ya buga kwanan wata ya koma 1922, sun bayyana a ciki da boy scout, sa hannu a ƙarƙashin sunan ingin “Hergé” (lafazin laƙabi da RG, a Faransanci). Remi ya ci gaba da ba da gudummawa kaɗan ga mujallar kowane wata ta hanyar kwatancen labaransa da, a wasu lokuta, na murfin.

A cikin wannan mujallar an buga shi (daga Yuli 1926 zuwa farkon 1930) Totor, CP na masu buguwa, yayi la'akari da jerin sa na farko na hukuma. Shekarar da ta gabata, Remi ya kasance a matsayin mai ba da gudummawa ga jaridar layin cocin da ba ta dace ba. Le XXème Scièle. Aikin da ya katse tsakanin tsakiyar 1926 da ƙarshen 1927 yayin da ya yi aikin soja a Regungiyar farko ta mafarauta a ƙafa.

Bayyanar Tintin da Milo

Ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1929, Tintin da nasa Fox terrier, Snowy, a cikin kari na matasa Le Petit Vingtième de Kimiyya. A zahiri, yana magana ne game da halayensa Totor - tare da wasu haruffa da sunansa aka sauya - ya zama ɗan rahoto kuma aka aika tare da abokin aikin sa na can cikin Soviet Union. Shi ne na farko daga cikin faya-fayai 24 da zai zo ya zama sanannen mai rikitarwa mai ban dariya na Kasadar Tintin. 

Sauran ayyukan Hergé da aka sani sune Kasadar Jo, Zette da Jocko (Albums 5) kuma Quique da Flupi (Albums 12). Dukansu taken an haɓaka su a layi ɗaya tare da Tintin, amma ba su da tasirin mai ba da rahoton ɗan Belgium da Milo. A cewar Coronado-Morón et al. daga Jami'ar Malaga, "Tintin wata alama ce ta alama ta wasan kwaikwayo na samari wanda ya rinjayi ƙimar matasa da matasa na tsararraki daban-daban". Ba don komai ba ya zama aiki mai mahimmanci a cikin jinsi.

Faya-faya Kasadar Tintin

Jerin sakin layi na gaba yana gabatar da tsari ne wanda ya danganci farkon bayyanar (an katse wasu abubuwan saboda dalilai na soja da / ko na mutum). Hakanan Yankunan da Tintin ya ziyarta suna ambata tare da wasu ma'anoni na kowane ɗaba'a. "Kullum, ainihin ƙasashe da biranen da sadarwa da abokantaka suka yiwu" (Coronado-Morón da al., 2004).

Tintin a cikin ofasar Soviet 1929 - 1930

Tintin da Snowy sun shiga cikin zuciyar USSR, suna yawan nuna fushin mulkin kwaminisanci. Lokacin koli na wasan yana da wakilcin sa tare da isowa ta jirgin ƙasa zuwa Brussels na a yaro Scout Shekaru goma sha biyar. Saitin dawowar Tintin zuwa Belgium ya faru ne a ranar 30 ga Mayu, 1930 kuma ya ba da nasarar nasarar zane mai ban dariya.

Tintin a Congo 1930 - 1931

Daya daga cikin fitattun rubuce-rubucen Hergé game da hangen nesan sa game da mulkin mallaka na Belgium a Afirka da yawan amfani da maganganu. Tafiyar Tintin a cikin Kwango ta gabatar da halayyar mutum mai ban tsoro da ban mamaki, lokacin da ya ƙare tare da magance babban laifi na duniya. Sabanin haka, mahimmin bayanin miyagun kwayoyi na kasa da kasa da fataucin makamai ya inganta hujjar da Remi ta kirkira.

Tintin a Amurka (1932)

Ci gaban wannan wasan kwaikwayon yana gabatar da manyan abubuwa biyu. A gefe guda, Tintin ya rusa wata kungiyar masu aikata laifuka ta kasa da kasa karkashin jagorancin Al Capone daga Chicago. A gefe guda kuma, an ba da rahoton korar Redan Indiyawa na ƙarshe daga ƙasashensu na asali saboda gano mai da rahoton ɓata gari. Sakamakon haka, yanayin ƙasa wanda ya taɓa zama ciyawa ya rikide ya zama babban birni mai kankare.

Sigarin Fir'auna 1933 - 1934

Ana faruwa a cikin saitunan wurare guda uku waɗanda Tintin da Snowy suka yi tafiya da kansu bawai akan hukumar aiki ba: Egypt, India da China. A cikin wannan kundin, haruffan Hernández da Fernández sun fara zama na farko kuma hamshakin mai kudin nan Rastapopoulos ya bayyana tare da mafi dacewa.

Da Blue Lotus (1934)

Yawancin magoya bayan littafin masu ban dariya suna ɗaukarsa azaman fitacciyar fasaha. Remi ya dogara da muhimmiyar haɗin gwiwar ɗalibi ɗan ƙasar Sin Zhang Chongren don samar da shi. Jigon labarin nasa ya nemi kawar da mummunan ra'ayin Yammacin Turai ga Sinawa kuma ya fito fili ya soki mulkin mallaka na Japan a China.

Karya kunne 1935 - 1937

Remi ya sami wahayi ne daga yakin Chaco wanda ya hadu da Bolivia da Paraguay (wanda ake kira San Theodoros da Nuevo Rico, bi da bi) tsakanin 1932 - 1935. Hergé ya kuma ƙirƙira ƙabilar Amerindian - Arumbaya - kuma ta ƙara wani sanannen hali ga mai ban dariya, Janar Alcázar. Ta wannan hanyar, ya ci gaba da juyin halitta mai rikitarwa da kuma rikitarwa a cikin binciken ɗan adam da kuma kayan tarihi wanda aka nuna a cikin kundin faya-fayan.

A cewar Barragán (2008), “… game da Kudancin Amurka, babu wata shakka cewa a cikin layi ɗaya da abubuwan da ke faruwa na ɗan rahoton nan an gina mummunan raini. a kan caudillismo na 'yan tawaye wanda ya ba da gudummawa ga ɓarnar bayyanar ingantacciyar mulkin dimokiradiyya wanda ya ba da damar shawo kan yanayin tarihin talauci da tumbukewa ".

Tsibirin baƙar fata (1937 - 1938, 1943 da 1965)

Saboda kurakuren saiti, ana buƙatar bugu uku don fitowar wannan kundin a cikin 1965. Abubuwan suna faruwa a cikin Scotland, tare da zargi maras ma'ana game da faɗaɗa Hitler a cikin kwanaki kafin Yaƙin Duniya na II. Mugu ne Dokta Müller, asalinsa Bajamushe, a tsakiyar wani labarin da ya shafi leken asiri.

Sandar sarautar Ottokar (1938 da 1947)

A cikin wannan kundin faifan, Remi ya ci gaba da sukar sa game da fadada Nazi saboda tilasta shigar Austria (1937) da Czechoslovakia (1938) zuwa Mulkin na Uku. Misalin ya samo asali ne daga daular kirkirar Syldavia, hade da Bolduria saboda burin mai mulkin kama karya Müsstler (Mussolini - Hitler). Hakanan, Syldavia ya kasance mai dacewa sosai a cikin kundin faya-fayan daga baya, kazalika da bayyanar babban halayen mata na saga, Bianca Castafiore.

A cikin ƙasar baƙin zinariya (1940, 1949 da 1971)

Bayyanar wannan faifan ya katse saboda mamayar da Jamusawa suka yiwa Belgium. Hergé ya sami damar ci gaba da wannan labarin kusan shekaru goma daga baya kuma ya ƙara masa wasu bayanai dalla-dalla a cikin bugun ƙarshe na 1971. A bugun farko, abubuwan suna faruwa a Falasɗinu, amma saitin ƙarshe yana faruwa a cikin wata ƙasar larabawa da aka kirkira, Khemed. An gabatar da manyan haruffa biyu a wurin: sarki Mohammed Ben Kalish Ezab da ɗan farinsa, Yarima Abdallah.

Kaguwa da faratan zinare (1940)

Ita ce ta farko daga cikin faya-fayan kundin faya-fayen da Hergé ya buga wa jaridar Le Soir, wanda mamayar Jamusawa ke sarrafawa a Belgium yayin yaƙin. Yana fasalin farkon fitaccen mashahurin Kyaftin Haddock, wanda zai ci gaba da kasancewa mai kyawawan halaye a cikin sauran saga.

Tauraruwa mai ban mamaki (1942)

Shine na farko daga cikin faya-fayan nasa da aka buga da launi. Ya faɗi game da binciken meteorite daga ƙungiyoyi biyu masu hamayya - Turai da Amurka - na binciken kimiyya. Babban mugu na kundin, Blumenstein, ya haifar da babban zargi ga Hergé saboda asalin yahudawa na halin. Kodayake (don ƙara zagi ga rauni), daga baya an sake masa suna zuwa "Bohwinkel", amma har yanzu ya zama suna tare da asalin Semitic.

Sirrin unicorn 1942 - 1943

Tintin, Snowy da Haddock sun bi sahun wata sifar da kakannin kyaftin na karni na XNUMX suka bari, jarumi Francisco de Hadoque. Kudurin na iya jagorantar su zuwa taskar Red Rackham. A saboda wannan dalili, dole ne su tattara nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan jirgi guda uku na jirgin, amma, wasu masu hatsarin gaske da marasa gaskiya suna bin manufa daya. Steven Spielberg ne ya sanya wannan taken daga baya.

Taskar Red ta Rackham 1942 - 1943

Remi ya gabatar a cikin wannan aikin masanin farfesa Silvestre Tornasol, bisa ga ilimin likitanci na sanannen likita Auguste Piccard. Halin yana ɗan ɗan ɓatar da hankali ne kuma masanin kimiyya ne wanda ba zai dace da shi ba a cikin wasu labaran. Ba daidai ba, dukiyar da Tintin da abokansa suka nema a wannan kundin waƙar tana cikin Moulinsart Castle, mallakar kakannin Kyaftin Haddock.

Kwana bakwai masu lu'ulu'u (1943 - 1944 da 1946 - 1949)

Tintin ya koma Kudancin Amurka don neman sanin la'anar Rascar Capac, wacce ta fada kan masu binciken kayan tarihi wadanda ke binciken kabarin Inca. A yayin buga wannan kundin album Hergé an zarge shi sau da yawa na haɗin gwiwa tare da Nazis. Duk da babban rashi, babu makawa cewa aiki ne mai ban mamaki daga mahangar shirin shiri.

Dangane da wannan, Barragán (2008) ya bayyana cewa “… rashin zurfin bincike a cikin binciken ɗan adam da kayan tarihin ƙasa wanda ƙungiyar Hergé ta jagoranta alama ce ta sha'awar su ta neman al'adun waɗannan al'ummomin waɗanda ke ci gaba da zama ganima ta. Masana ilimin Turai. " Saboda haka, bayyananniyar alama ce ta halin Hergé na "sukar lamirin kansa".

Target: Wata (1950 da 1951)

Shine bugawa na farko da Nazarin Hergé yayi, a cikin wannan, yana da kyakkyawan ƙungiyar haɗin gwiwar jagorancin Bob de Moor. Labari ne na almara na kimiyya daidai da tsere sararin samaniya na lokacin wanda ke buƙatar cikakken bincike da cikakken bayani. Har ta kai ga cewa marubucin ɗan Belgium ya katse aikinsa na tsawon watanni 18 tsakanin 1950 da 1951 saboda gajiyawar jiki da tunani.

Saukowa akan Wata 1952 - 1953

Bayanin ya ci gaba bayan gina makamin nukiliya mai aiki da rukuni na Dr. Calculus ya kammala a masarautar Syldavia. Bayan haka, Tintin, Snowy, Haddock, Tornasol kuma, wadanda aka gayyata kai tsaye, Hernández da Fernández sun fara wata tafiya wacce zata dauke su zuwa wata. Yana da kyau a lura da irin kamanni masu ban sha'awa da yawa da suka faru tsakanin labarin Hergé da ainihin aikin Apollo XI shekaru 16 daga baya.

Al'amarin Calculus 1954 - 1955

Labari ne na leken asiri wanda aka maida hankali akan yakin sanyi. Remi ya sake dawo da mai kallo ga wata kirkirarriyar al'umma, Borduria, karkashin mulkin kama karya na mulkin kama karya na dan kwaminisanci kamar Stalin. Wani ɓangare na makircinsa yana faruwa a Geneva, Switzerland, kuma sabbin mahimman haruffa sun bayyana, kamar murƙushe Kanal Sponsz.

Kayan Coke (1956 - 1958 da 1967)

Tintin ya koma Khemed, ƙasar Larabawa ƙage. Kodayake hujja a sarari take game da bautar da fataucin makamai, Remi ya sake samun suka game da irin tunanin da yake yi wa jama'ar Afirka. Musamman, manufar ita ce la'antar wahalar da Musulman Afirka suka sha yayin aikin hajjinsu a Makka. A bugun 1967, an share wasu wurare kuma an canza yadda ake bayyana mutane.

Tintin a cikin Tibet 1958 - 1959

A lokacin da aka buga wannan kundin, shaharar Tintin ta kai matsayin duniya. Katun ya yi tir da halin da ake ciki a Tibet, wanda China ta mamaye lokacin 1949 kuma ya haifar da gudun hijirar Dalai Lama a Indiya. Labarin ya nuna Tintin yana son saka rayuwarsa cikin hadari domin ya ceci abokinsa Tchang (daga Da Blue Lotus).

Jauhari na Castafiore 1961 - 1962

Abubuwan suna faruwa ne a gidan Kyaftin Haddock, Moulinsart Castle. Kundin ne kawai a cikin saga wanda bashi da alaƙa da tafiya kuma makircinsa baya ƙunshe da sirrin da za'a warware shi. Koyaya, masoyan jerin sun samu karbuwa sosai. Hakanan, Remi ya sami yabo saboda yadda ya dace da kwalliya.

Jirgin sama 714 zuwa Sydney 1966 - 1967

A gaban yawancin masoyan jerin, yana wakiltar mafi kyawun kundi na Tintin. Koyaya, tana da labarai masu ban sha'awa, musamman a lokacin lokacin buga ta. Yana ba da labarin bayyanar wasu halittun da ba na duniya ba, tare da wani sabon ɓarna na maƙwabcin Rastapopoulos da sababbin haruffa biyu, Laszlo Carreidas da Mik Ezdanitoff.

Tintin da rogues 1975 - 1976

Dan jaridar Belgium tare da amintaccen Fox Terrier ya koma San Theodoros, inda ya hadu da haruffa da ba za a manta da su ba Karya kunne. A cikin wannan ɗab'in, hoton jarumi na saga yana canzawa daidai da yanayin lokacin, tare da wando irin na jeans. Bugu da kari, Tintin ya sanya hular hat tare da alamar aminci kuma ya zama mai aikin yoga.

Tintin da Alpha Art

Don ƙarin bayani game da wannan kundin, Hergé ya gudanar da cikakkun takardu na fasaha waɗanda aka gudanar a lokacin da ya shiga zane. Tintin da Alpha Art yana mai da hankali kan bincike game da fasahar zamani da majami'un addini. Abin ba in ciki, Remi bai iya kammala wannan aikin ba saboda cutar sankarar bargo ta sa lafiyarsa ta yi rauni.

Georges Prosper Remi ya mutu a Woluwe-Saint-Lambert, Brussels, Belgium, a ranar 3 ga Maris, 1983. Matar marubucin, Fanny Vlamnick, ta karɓi duk haƙƙoƙi zuwa halayen Tintin da duk ban dariya. Wanene matar Hergé ta biyu ta yanke shawarar bugawa Tintin da Alpha Art a 1986, kamar dai yadda marigayi mijinta ya bar shi. A halin yanzu, Vlamnick shine magajin Remi na duniya kuma yana kula da dukiyar iliminsa ta hanyar Hergé Foundation.