Julia Ward Howe, matar da ta ƙaddamar da ranar iyaye mata ta zamani

Julia Ward Howe, matar da ta ƙaddamar da ranar iyaye mata ta zamani

Julia Ward Hauwa an haife shi a 1819 a New York. Ta kasance sananniyar mai gwagwarmayar kare haƙƙin mata da zaɓen mata, sokewa da marubuta, wanda aka yarda da kasancewarta mace daga wanda ra'ayin wannan bikin ranar uwa. Kodayake wannan bikin yana da abubuwan da suka gabata a cikin almara da tarihin gargajiya, bikin ranar uwa a yau yana da alaƙa da tarihin wannan matar.

Kodayake a Turai bikin ranar uwa yana da alaƙa da al'adar Kirista da uwa ta Budurwa, tasirin da al'adun Arewacin Amurka da bukukuwa ke da shi ga al'adun duniya na ƙarfafa mu mu tuna da surar wannan babbar mace, Julia Ward Howe.

Julia Ward ta sami rayuwa mai wahala. Mahaifinsa ma'aikacin banki ne na Calvin. Lokacin da take karama, ta zama marayu ga uwa. Kawu ne mai ilimi mai ilimi, wanda hakan ya bata damar yin karatu tare da kwararrun malamai. Julia ta zama mai sha'awar ilimin lissafi da adabi, saboda sanin tunanin marubuta daban-daban. Bugu da kari, ya koyi yare da yawa. Ya kasance yana yawan ziyartar al'umar New York kuma yana da shekaru 20 ya rubuta a Sukar adabi wanda aka buga shi a asirce a cikin mujallar adabi da tauhidi ta New York.

En 1843 Julia Ward yayi aure tare da likita da kuma abolitionist Samuel Gridley Howe (1801-1876). Duk da cewa Sama'ila ya yaba da Julia saboda tunaninta kuma sun yi gwagwarmaya da yaki da bauta, bai ba ta damar yin aure ba bayan ta yi aure a wajen gidanta, don haka ba ta iya shiga cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da jama'a ko kula da kadarorinta. Ban da zauna ware, Julia ta rayu subarfafa ga wani mutum mai tashin hankali da juyayi wanda yayi barazanar kwashe yayanta idan ta nace kan saki.

Yayin da take kula da yaranta, ta sadaukar da kanta ga ilimin kanta, karatun falsafa da tarihi. Kunnawa 1854 Julia ba tare da sunanta ta buga tarin wakoki mai taken Furan Soyayya, ayar da ta zubar da wahala da rashin farin cikin gida da kuma rashin nuna godiya ga mijinta. Ba da daɗewa ba aka san marubucinsa kuma mijinta ya ɗauke ta a matsayin ƙalubale da cin amana, kuma sun cimma yarjejeniya ta wacce saki daga bukatun mijinta kuma ta amintar da kudinta. A lokacin ne ya kara shiga harkar rubutu da rayuwar jama'a.

En 1862 Julia Ward ce ta wallafa waqar Waƙar Yaƙin Jamhuriyar, wanda da ita aka santa, kuma shahararta ta kawo mata mulkin mallaka kai tsaye, don haka burinta ya fara zama gaskiya. Tun daga wannan lokacin ta zama mamba a cikin ƙungiyoyin kare haƙƙin mata, da kuma zaɓen mata.

A 1870 ya rubuta Sanarwar Ranar Iyaye, kira ga matan duniya da su hada kai don zaman lafiya da kwance ɗamara. Ya shirya taron zaman lafiya a Amurka da Burtaniya. Ya kuma inganta ƙirƙirar ranar da aka keɓe don Mata da Uwa: Ranar Uwa, a matsayin alama ta haɗin kai da zaman lafiya. Amma ba a sami nasara ba a lokacin, kodayake wata mata, Anna Jarvis ce ta ɗauki wannan shirin, wanda ya sami nasarar kafa ranar uwa a hukumance a cikin 1914. Daga 1872 zuwa 1879, Julia ta haɗu da Lucy Stone da mijinta Henry Brown Blackwell a cikin edita Littafin mata, jaridar mako-mako da ma'auratan suka kafa a 1870, a cikin Boston.

Lokacin da mijinta ya mutu a 1876, Julia Ward ta riga ta sami aikin kanta, inda ta yi fice a matsayin mai wa'azi, kawo canji, marubuciya, kuma mawaƙa.

Julia Ward tayi balaguro a duniya tana gabatar da karatunta na inganta haƙƙin Mata da Gyara Ilimi. Ita ce marubucin rubuce-rubuce, littattafan ƙagaggun yara, littattafan tafiye-tafiye, waƙoƙi, tarihin Margaret Fuller (1883), da kuma tarihin rayuwar mutum mai taken Tunani (1899). Wasu daga cikin ayyukansa basu ga haske ba sai bayan mutuwarsa as Leonora ko duniya kanta (1917) y Saint Hippolytus (1941).

A cikin 1908 shi ne mace ta farko da aka zaba a Cibiyar Kwalejin Fasaha da Haruffa ta Amurka.

Julia Ward Howe ta mutu a 1910.


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