Hannun hagu na duhu

Hannun hagu na duhu labari ne na almara na kimiyya wanda marubucin Amurka Ursula Kroeber Le Guin ta rubuta. An buga shi a cikin 1969 kuma yayi ma'amala da rikice-rikicen diflomasiyya da abubuwan al'ajabi na al'ummomin da basu da dangantaka tsakanin maza da mata.

Wannan aiki ne mai zurfin tunani da falsafa. Abubuwan suna faruwa ne a wata duniya mai nisa da ake kira Gueden ko Hunturu, saboda yanayin daskarewa. Can sai aka tura wani Baturen duniya, Genly Ai, don tattaunawa da kawance da Ekumen, kungiyar duniyoyi da mutane ke rayuwa. Gabatar da wannan halin na wayewar mu a cikin duniyar utopian, wanda babu yaƙe-yaƙe ko ma'anar jinsi, littafin yana magana ne akan alaƙar da ke tsakanin jigogin biyu.

Aiki mai zurfin tunani

Kroeber Le Guin yayi zurfin tunani game da yadda jima'i da adawar jinsi ke tantance ainihi ba wai kawai na mutane ba, har ma na al'ummomi.

An ba marubucin wannan aikin tare da kyautar Nebula don mafi kyawun labari a cikin 1969 kuma shekara mai zuwa tare da lambar yabo ta Hugo a cikin rukuni guda, biyu daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi so a cikin jinsin ilimin almara a cikin adabi.

Game da marubucin

Haihuwa da dangi

An haifi Ursula Kroeber Le Guin a garin Berkeley, California, a ranar 21 ga Oktoba, 1929. Ita ce 'yar fari ta auren da shahararrun mutane biyu suka gabatar game da ilimin halayyar ɗan adam da haruffa a Amurka: Theodora da Alfred Kroeber. Wannan sha'awar ilimin zamantakewar al'umma da ilimin ɗan adam ya kasance a cikin litattafai da gajerun labarai da marubucin ya wallafa a shekarun da suka gabata.

Karatu da aure

Yayi karatu a makarantar Radcliffe sannan daga baya yayi karatu a Jami'ar Columbia, inda ya kware a cikin yarukan soyayya. Ta kuma yi karatu a Faransa inda ta hadu da Charles Le Guin, wanda ta aura a 1953.

Ayyuka da wallafe-wallafe na farko

Bayan ta dawo Amurka, ta zauna a garin Macon, Georgia, kuma ta kasance malama mai koyar da harshen Faransanci a jami’o’i daban-daban. A shekarar 1964 ya wallafa shahararren littafinsa na farko, mai suna Duniyar Rocannon, rabin hanya tsakanin rudu da almarar kimiyya. Wadannan nau'ikan nau'ikan guda biyu sune marubuciya suka fi aiki a tsawon rayuwarta.

A zuwa na Hannun hagu na duhu

Bayan wasu wallafe-wallafe, ɗayan fitattun masanan nasa ya bayyana a ƙarshe: Hannun hagu na duhu, wanda ya sami kyaututtuka daban-daban. Wannan wani ɓangare ne na sake zagayowar Ekumen, farawa tare da Duniyar Rocannon kuma daga cikinsu akwai wasu litattafai shida. Wadannan ayyukan suna faruwa ne a cikin duniyoyin duniyoyi wadanda mutane ke rayuwa tare da halaye daban-daban, zuriyar tsohuwar wayewa.

A cikin litattafansa na Ekumen, ya kirkiro maganganu inda ake bincika al'amuran siyasa da zamantakewa ta hanyar tatsuniyar kimiyya., kamar mata, rashin zaman lafiya, damuwa don kula da mahalli, kwanciyar hankali da iko.

Baya ga almarar kimiyya, ya rubuta litattafan tatsuniyoyi da yawa, gami da zagaye na Duniya. Don wannan jerin, marubucin ya sake ƙirƙirar duniyar kirkirarrun mutane waɗanda masu sihiri da masu allahntaka suka mamaye, tare da rikice-rikice na hankali da zamantakewa. Wasu sassan waɗannan labaran an daidaita su zuwa wani fim mai suna Studio Ghibli mai taken Tatsuniyoyin Earthsea (2006), wanda jagorancinsa ke kula da Goro Miyazaki.

Ya kuma buga da yawa littattafan shayari, labarai da labarin yara. Ya kuma rubuta kuma ya wallafa tatsuniyoyin kimiyya da littattafan tatsuniyoyi waɗanda ba su da alaƙa da duniyar Ekumen ko Earthsea, kamar su Wheelafafun sama, Dawwamammen gida, Kyaututtukan, Gidaje goma sha biyu na hunturu, da sauransu. Ta kuma tsaya a matsayin mai fassara na harsuna daban-daban. Daga cikin wasu ayyukan, ya fassara ayyuka ta Gabriela Mistral da Lao Tse.

Ya mutu a Portland, Oregon, a Janairu 22, 2018.

Ekumen ta duniya da bambanci

Hannun hagu na duhu an saita shi a kan Gueden, duniyar da ke rufe da kankara wanda kuma ake kira hunturu, wanda mutane marasa jinsi ke rayuwa a ciki. An aiko da manan Adam na Duniya zuwa wannan duniyar tamu tare da manufar gamuwa da Sarki Argaven, don yin ƙawancen Gueden da Ekumen.

Ekumen tarayya ce da ta kunshi adadi mai yawa na duniyoyin da mutane ke zaune wanda ya dace da shi ta fuskar ilmin halitta da zamantakewar jama'a da yanayin kowane daya, dukkansu zuriyar mazaunan Hain ne na da. Littattafai takwas na Úrsula Kroeber Le Guin suna faruwa a wannan duniyar.

Bambance-bambance da abubuwan da ke tattare da kowannensu ya haifar da tunani a kan al'ummarmu. Wannan yana nufin cewa ana iya ba da litattafan marubucin littattafai daban-daban a cikin ilimin ilimin ɗan adam, siyasa da zamantakewar al'umma.

Daidaitan jinsi azaman utopia

Babban halayyar da ke rarrabe mazaunan Gueden ita ce cewa ba sa yin jima'i a mafi yawan lokuta, ko matsayin jinsi don ɗauka. Kamanninsu gaba daya abin birgewa ne kuma kowa yana iya ɗaukar ciki da haihuwa daidai. 'Yan kwanaki a wata sun kasance maza ko mata, bazuwar. Wannan lokacin da suke jima'i ana kiranta "kemmer".

Ofaya daga cikin abubuwan da ake gabatarwa na littafin shine cewa a cikin al'ummar da ba ta da adawa da mata Kuma ba tare da dangantakar iko da aka samo daga wannan ba, babu yaƙe-yaƙe, ko yawancin rikice-rikicen zamantakewarmu a duniyarmu. Rikicin yana faruwa ne galibi game da sha'awar ɗaukaka jama'a.

Hakanan babu daidaiton jinsi a matsayin manufa saboda jinsi yana tsaka tsaki. A wannan ma'anar, ana iya karanta shi azaman utopia na mata, duniyar da mace ba ta da mahimmanci.

Labari game da rashin jituwa

Matsalar sadarwa wani lamari ne mafi zafi a tarihi. Mutanen Gueden suna ɗaukar Genly Ai a matsayin baƙon mutum da rashin lafiya, koyaushe yana cikin kemmer kuma ba amintacce. Wannan kuma yana ganin su a matsayin halittu masu motsa jiki wanda alamun su ke masa wahalar fahimta.

Rikice-rikice a cikin labarin sun bayyana ne daga jiran Ai don samun masu sauraro tare da Sarki Argaven., kuma suna ci gaba da abubuwan da suka faru bayan wannan taron da gudun hijira na Firayim Minista, Estraven. Genly Ai ta yi tafiya mai nisa don sake saduwa da Estraven, wacce ba za ta iya tattaunawa da ita da kyau ba saboda bambancin al'adu.

Yanayin daskarewa kuma shine mai ba da labarin kuma yana ƙara matsaloli zuwa ga yiwuwar da ake buƙata game da yanayin tare da mutanen Gueden.

Personajes

Aika Ai

Wani mutum ne daga Duniya da aka aika zuwa Gueden tare da manufar yin wannan ƙawancen tare da Ekumen. Yana fuskantar matsaloli masu yawa wadanda suka haifar da bambancin al'adu da ƙananan fahimta tsakaninsa da mutanen Gueden.

Derem Straven

Firayim Minista na Karhide, Nation of Gueden. Yana goyon bayan Genly Ai kuma yana taimaka masa wajen shirya ganawa da sarki. A ranar da aka yi hira da shi an yi masa hijira kuma ya yi ritaya zuwa Orgoreyn.

Argaven na XV

Shi ne sarkin Karhide. Shi mai wauta ne kuma talakawansa suna ɗaukarsa mahaukaci. Da farko ya ki amincewa da kawancen da Ai ke kulla masa, yana dauke shi makaryaci.

Kiyaye

Yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman iko 33 da ke mulkin Orgoreyn, wanda ake kira Commensals.. Da farko yana goyon bayan Genly Ai da kulla kawance da Ekumen, amma lokacin da ya fahimci cewa ba zai sami fa'idodin da ake tsammani ba, sai ya daina sha'awar sa.