Guguwar

Guguwar wasan kwaikwayo ne na wasan kwaikwayo a cikin abubuwa biyar, wanda aka shirya a baiti da karin magana daga sanannen ɗan wasan Turanci William Shakespeare. An rubuta shi kuma an fara shi a shekarar 1611. Gabatar da aikin sosai a Fadar Whitehall, a gaban Sarki James I na Ingila, kuma shi ke kula da kamfanin wasan kwaikwayo na King's Men. A cikin shekaru an gabatar da shi sau da yawa kuma an fassara shi zuwa harsuna daban-daban kuma yana cikin mafi kyawun littattafai guda 10 don masoyan teku.

Ana la'akari, tare da alƙarya, ɗayan mafi girman ayyukan marubucinsa. Abubuwan halayensa, tattaunawar sa da yanayin sa sun sami yawan karatu daga masu sukar. Yana ma'amala da jigogi kamar buri, cin amana, fansa da fansa, a cikin yanayin da ya haɗu da allahntaka da duniya.. Babban halayen Guguwar, Prospero mai sihiri, ya rufe wasan tare da tuna magana, wanda ya zama ɗayan jimlolin da aka ambata da Shakespeare cikin ƙarnuka da yawa: “An halicce mu da abu ɗaya kamar mafarki. Littleananan duniyarmu suna kewaye da mafarkai. "

Sobre el autor

William Shakespeare ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne na Turanci, mawaƙi, kuma ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, an haife shi a 1564 a Stratford ya da Avon. An dauke shi mafi mahimmancin marubucin kowane lokaci a cikin harshen Ingilishi.

Ya kasance ɗan ɗan kasuwa kuma magajin mai ƙasa, wanda ya ba shi kyakkyawan matsayin zamantakewar tun haihuwarsa, kodayake ba tare da lakabi masu daraja ba. Ana tunanin cewa ya yi karatu a Stratford Grammar School, inda zai koyi ingantaccen Latin da Ingilishi, kuma ya haɓaka sanannen ɗanɗano na karatun rubutu na gargajiya da na waje.

A lokacin 1590s ya zauna a London, inda Ya kasance wani ɓangare na kamfanin gidan wasan kwaikwayon na Lord Chamberlain a matsayin ɗan wasa da marubuta. Bayan haka, a zamanin mulkin James I, an sake canzawa suna suna King's Men.

Ya rubuta wasanni da yawa, wasan kwaikwayo, da bala'i waɗanda aka yi a nahiyoyi biyar cikin ƙarnuka da yawa. Wasanninsa da wakokinsa sun zaburar da masu fasaha ta kowane fanni a lokuta daban-daban. Ya Rubuta Guguwar a matsayin ɗayan ayyukan balagar sa, a cikin 1611.

William Shakespeare Ya mutu a garinsa a 1616.

Tsibiri a tsakiyar duniya da allahntaka

Abubuwan da suke da alaƙa suna faruwa a tsibirin hamada wanda haruffan suka isa da karfi: Antonio, Duke na Milan; Alonso, Sarkin Naples; Yarima Ferdinand da 'yan sahabbai da bayi.

Rushewar jirgin da ya kai su ga irin wannan yanayin ba sakamakon sa'a ba ne, amma sakamakon hadari ne da Ariel ya saukar, wani kalifa a karkashin umarnin boka Prospero, wanda ke zaune a tsibirin. Ba da daɗewa ba aka bayyana wa mai kallo cewa Prospero shine magajin gaske na Duchy na Milan kuma ɗan'uwansa, Antonio, a cikin halin cin amana, ya aike shi ya mutu a cikin jirgin ruwa tare da 'yarsa Miranda shekaru da suka gabata. A zaman gudun hijira, Prospero ya koyi fasahar sihiri kuma ya sarrafa halittun da ke zaune a tsibirin hamada: Ariel da Caliban.

Suna zaune tare kamar wannan, a cikin Guguwar, 'yan siyasa da haruffa na ainihi tare da abubuwan allahntaka da sihiri. A tsakiyar duniyoyin biyu akwai jarumin, wanda ya taba zama duke, saboda yawancin wasan kwaikwayon shi matsafi ne mai daukar fansa kuma a karshe ya yi watsi da littattafan sihirinsa don komawa Milan.

Bayan isowar Sarki Alonso, Antonio da sauran masu jirgin ruwa zuwa tsibirin, Prospero da bayinsa masu ikon allah sun shirya makirci don tsoratar da su., don haka kammala fansa mai sihiri don abin da Antonio ya yi a baya. Hasashe da sihiri sune babban ɓangaren aikin.

Gafara da fansa azaman saƙo na ƙarshe

A cikin wani abin da ba zato ba tsammani zuwa ƙarshen wasan, Prospero ya gafarta wa magabtansa, ya bar littattafan sihiri a baya, kuma ya yanke shawarar komawa Milan kuma ya ci gaba da tsohuwar rayuwarsa.. Duk wannan yana faruwa ne saboda ƙaunataccen Miranda da Yarima Fernando, waɗanda suka haɗu da damar guguwa kuma suka yanke shawarar yin aure.

Auna ta ƙare da nasara kuma Prospero ya dawo cikin mutuntakarsa. Wannan ƙarshen yana hana duhu da tashin hankali na wasan, wanda kuma yana da yanayi na ban dariya yayin ci gaban sa.

Bayani daban-daban game da abubuwan da suka faru a zamaninsa

Ga malamai da yawa, gaskiyar Guguwar Suna ɗan wahayi zuwa ga labarin George Somers. Wannan sanannen janar ne a rundunar sojan ruwa ta Burtaniya wacce ta tsira bayan sun makale tare da ma'aikatansa a tsakiyar hadari daga gabar Tsibirin Bermuda a shekara ta 1609.

Har ila yau, an yi iƙirarin cewa ya zama abin ƙyama ne ga tafiye-tafiyen cin nasarar Sabuwar Duniya, yankin da masarautar Burtaniya da Spain ta fafata. Ga Turawan Turai da yawa na lokacin, Amurka ƙasa ce da ba a sani ba, allahntaka, da dodanni.

An yi ta ce-ce-ku-ce game da dangantakar da ke tsakanin Prospero da Caliban, wani yanayi mai daci da dorewa wanda mai sihiri ya gabatar kuma ya sanya a aikinsa.. A cewar masu karatu da masu sukar da yawa, yana wakiltar dangantakar dake tsakanin mai mulkin mallaka da nan asalin Amurka masu mulkin mallaka.

Personajes

Wadata

Shine halattaccen Duke na Milan, wanda ɗan'uwansa Antonio ya tura shi cikin jirgi ba tare da dalili ba don ya kasance tare da Duchy. A tsibirin ya zama babban matsafi kuma yayi makircin fansa. A karshen wasan, ya yanke shawarar yafe wa cin amanar ya koma mahaifarsa. Maganarsa ta ƙarshe da rubutun kalmomi (wanda bai ƙara ba da kansa ga sihiri ba don dawowa) yana wakiltar biyu daga saman kuma mafi yawan rubutun da aka tuna da wasan Shakespeare.

Miranda

Ita ce 'yar saurayi da mafarki na Prospero. Jim kadan da isa tsibirin, Caliban yayi kokarin yi mata fyade, don haka Prospero ya yanke shawarar muzguna masa daga yanzu. Ta ƙaunaci Fernando, ɗan sarki, kuma tana son ta aure shi.

Caliban

Shi ɗan mayya ne kuma aljan. Yana wakiltar ɓangaren ɗan adam da visceral na ɗan adam. Yayin ci gaba da makircin, ya yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan wani bawan jirgin da ya ɓarke ​​don kashe Prospero, don haka ya nuna halin ɗoki da rashin yarda.

An ambaci Caliban ko kuma wahayi zuwa gare shi ta wasu halayen a cikin ayyukan adabin da aka sani a gaba. An ambace shi a cikin sanannen gabatarwar zuwa Hoton Dorian Grayta Oscar Wilde, haka kuma a cikin Ulysses ta James Joyce, da sauransu.

Ariel

Shi ne takwaran Caliban, kamar yadda yake wakiltar mafi ɗaukaka da rashin tasirin ɗan adam. Ya kasance tare da mahaifiyarsa Caliban mayya Sycorax har sai da Prospero ya cece shi, don haka ya yi aminci ga mayen da fatan wata rana ya sake samun 'yanci. Wani yanayi ne na iska, wanda yake da karfin sihiri da yawa kuma yana iya sarrafa iska.

Antonio

Shi ne Duke na Milan na yanzu don zaton mutuwar Prospero. Yayin zamansa a tsibirin, yayi ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar rikici tsakanin Sarki Alonso da ɗan'uwansa, Sebastián. Cin amana ne da son zuciya.