Jumla ta Alejandra Pizarnik
A cikin shekaru hamsin da suka gabata, Alejandra Pizarnik ya kasance mawaƙin Argentina da aka fi karantawa a Latin Amurka da duniya. Siffar sa ta musamman da ba ta misaltuwa ta wuce lokaci, bayan rasuwar sa mai ban tausayi. Marubucin ya ƙirƙira wata magana ta asali ta asali, wanda ke da alaƙa da yalwar harshe da kuma rufe jigogi masu rikitarwa don lokacinta.
Ko da yake rayuwarsa ta yi kaɗan - Ya mutu yana ɗan shekara 36 kacal,, ya sami nasarar gina aiki mai ƙarfi kuma ya bar gado na ayyuka masu mahimmanci. Tare da sakonku na farko, Ƙasar da ta fi baƙo (1955), Pizarnik ya ci dubban masu karatu, waɗanda suka kasance masu aminci har zuwa littafinsa na ƙarshe a rayuwa: Ƙananan waƙoƙi (1978). Daga cikin bambance -bambancen da ya samu, lambar yabo ta waƙa ta birni (1965) ta yi fice.
Littattafan Alejandra Pizarnik
Alama a inuwarku (1955)
Ita ce tarin waƙoƙi na biyu da Pizarnik ya buga. Tarin tarin waƙoƙi shida ne mafi kyau da ya rubuta har zuwa yau. Waɗannan ƙagaggun suna nuna kuzari da kuzarin matashin marubucin; ayoyin an yi masu ciki da rashin nutsuwa, rashin tabbas, shakku da tambayoyi da yawa.
Ofaya daga cikin waƙoƙin da za mu iya morewa a cikin wannan tarihin shine:
"Nesa"
“Cikawata da farin jiragen ruwa.
An ƙone ni.
Duk ni a karkashin reminiscences na
idanun ku.
Ina so in lalata haushin ku
shafuka.
Ina so in guji rashin nutsuwa na ku
lebe.
Me yasa hangen nesan ku ke zagaye da kwanon rufi
wannan sati? "
Rashin laifi na ƙarshe (1956)
Shine tarin na uku wanda marubucin ya gabatar. Aikin ya ƙunshi abubuwan soyayya guda goma sha shida. Bugu da ƙari akwai sanannen bayanin rayuwar Pizarnik da kanta, kuma akwai bayyanannen juyin halitta dangane da ayyukansa na baya. Hakanan, wannan tarin yana da waƙoƙin mata masu mahimmanci daga wancan lokacin. Daga cikin waƙoƙin sun yi fice:
"Barci"
"Zai fashe tsibirin tunawa.
Rayuwa za ta zama kawai aikin fadan gaskiya.
Kurkuku
don kwanakin baya dawowa.
Gobe
dodannin jirgin za su lalata rairayin bakin teku
akan iskar asiri.
Gobe
harafin da ba a sani ba zai sami hannun ruhi ”.
Itace Diana (1962)
A cikin wannan littafin, Pizarnik ya gabatar da gajerun wakoki 38 tare da ayoyi kyauta. Aikin An karɓi kyautar Nobel ta adabi Octavio Paz. A wannan lokacin, jigogi kamar mutuwa, kadaici da baƙin ciki sun yi fice. Kamar yadda aka yi a sassa daban -daban na baya, kowane layin waƙa yana bayyana cikakkun bayanan marubucin, kamar rashin kwanciyar hankali da tunani. Akwai wurare waɗanda za su iya zama gaba ɗaya masu saɓani.
Waƙoƙin farko a cikin tarihin anthology sune:
«1»
"Na yi tsalle daga gare ni da asuba.
Na bar jikina kusa da haske
kuma na rera bakin cikin abin da aka haifa ”.
«2»
"Waɗannan su ne sifofin da ya ba mu shawara:
rami, bango wanda ke rawar jiki… ”.
aiki da dare (1965)
Wannan tarin waƙoƙi 47 ne tare da jigogi daban -daban. Lokaci, mutuwa, sha’awa da zafi suna cikin manyan jarumai. Yana ɗaya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi rikitarwa na marubucin Argentina, kuma wanda ya fi ƙarfin nuna halayen waƙar sa. A cikin hira da Marta Isabel Moia, Pizarnik ya ce: “Wannan littafin ya ba ni farin cikin samun 'yanci a rubuce. Na kasance mai 'yanci, ni ne mai mallakar sanya kaina tsari kamar yadda nake so ”.
Misalin wannan tarin wakokin shine:
"Wanene ya haskaka"
“Lokacin da kuka kalle ni
idanuna makullin ne,
bango yana da sirri,
kalmomin tsoro na, wakoki.
Kai kadai ka sanya min tunanina
matafiyi mai ban sha'awa,
wutar da ba ta ƙarewa ”.
Ƙididdigar jini (1971)
Yana da kusan gajeriyar labari game da Countess Erzsébet Báthory, mace mai mugunta da bakin ciki, wanda ya aikata munanan laifuka domin ya kasance matashi. A cikin surori goma sha biyu an bayyana hanyoyin azabtarwa da wannan “baiwar” ta yi kaɗan kaɗan. Littafin ya ƙunshi shafuka 60 tare da zane -zanen Santiago Carusola kuma ya haɗa da gutsuttsuran rubutattun waƙoƙi a cikin mafi kyawun salon Pizarnik.
Synopsis
Bahaushe ɗan ƙasar Hungary Erzsébet Báthory ya auri Count Ferenc Nádasdy yana ɗan shekara 15. Shekaru uku bayan haka, mutumin ya mutu. Daga nan, matar mai shekaru 44 kuma tana tsoron tsufa. Don hana furfura ya iso gare ku, yana farawa cikin maita, daukawacikin yin tsafi wanda a ciki yake amfani da jinin girlsan mata don kula da sabo. A cewar bayanan da aka samu a cikin ɗakinsa, ya azabtar da mata fiye da 600 ta hanyoyi daban -daban.
Game da marubucin
Alexandra Pizarnik
Mawaƙi Flora Alejandra Pizarnik an haife shi a ranar 29 ga Afrilu, 1936 a Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ya fito ne daga dangin baƙi masu matsakaicin matsayi na Rasha, waɗanda asali suna da suna Pozharnik kuma sun rasa shi yayin da suke zaune a ƙasar Barça. Daga ƙuruciya ya kasance mai wayo, duk da cewa shi ma An san shi da samun rashin tsaro da yawa saboda kamanninsa na zahiri da kuma taɓarɓarewarsa.
Karatu
Bayan kammala sakandare, a shekarar 1954 ya shiga Jami'ar Buenos Aires, musamman sashen Falsafa da Haruffa. Amma, ba da daɗewa ba - yana da alaƙa da halayensa masu canzawa - ya canza zuwa aikin jarida. Daga baya, ya fara azuzuwan zane -zane tare da mai zane Juan Batlle Planas, kodayake a ƙarshe ya yi watsi da komai don sadaukar da kansa ga rubutu kawai.
Magunguna
A zamanin jami'ar sa, ya fara aikin jinya tare da León Ostrov. A yin haka, ya yi ƙoƙarin sarrafa tashin hankalinsa da inganta ƙimar kansa. Waɗannan tarurruka sun kasance mafi mahimmancin rayuwarsa har ma da waƙoƙinsa, tunda ya ƙara ayyukansa waɗanda ke gogewa game da rashin sani da batun batun. "Farkawa", ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun waƙoƙinsa, an sadaukar da shi ga masanin halayyar ɗan adam.
Shekarunsa a Paris
A farkon shekarun 60, Pizarnik ya zauna a birnin Paris na tsawon shekaru hudu.. A lokacin ya yi aiki a mujallar Littattafan rubutu, shima Ta yi aiki a matsayin mai suka da kuma mai fassara adabi. A can ya ci gaba da samun horo na ilimi lokacin shiga Jami'ar Sorbonne, inda ya karanci Tarihin Addini da Adabin Faransanci. A ƙasar Parisiya kuma ya haɓaka kyakkyawar abokantaka, daga cikinsu akwai Julio Cortázar da Octavio Paz.
Gina
An buga littafinsa na farko a tsakiyar 50s kuma an yi masa take Ƙasar da ta fi baƙo (1955). Amma sai bayan dawowarsa daga Paris ne ya gabatar da mafi yawan ayyukan wakilcinsa - tare da gogewar waƙa mafi girma,, yana nuna tsananin salo, wasa da salon sa. Daga cikin wakokinsa 7 sun yi fice: Itace Diana (1962), aiki da dare (1965) y Cire dutsen hauka (1968).
Hakanan Pizarnik ya shiga cikin nau'in labarin, tare da ɗan gajeren labari Ƙididdigar jini (1971). Bayan mutuwarsa, an yi wallafe -wallafe da yawa bayan mutuwa, kamar: Sha'awar kalmar (1985), Rubutun Sobra da sabbin waƙoƙi (1982) y Kammalallen waqoqi (2000). An tattara haruffan sa da bayanan sa Sadarwar Pizarnik (1998) y Diaries (2003).
Damuwa
Tun yana ƙarami Pizarnik yana da rashin kwanciyar hankali, tare da babban damuwa da rikitarwa, matsalolin da ke bayyana a cikin wakokinsa. Baya ga wannan, ya ɓoye sirri fifikon jima'i; da yawa suna zargin cewa ɗan luwaɗi ne kuma ɓoye gaskiyar sa ma ya shafe shi musamman. Mawaƙiyar ta yi maganin cututukanta da magunguna iri -iri wanda ta zama abin maye.
Wani daki -daki wanda ya yi mummunan tasiri a rayuwarta kuma ya dagula ta shine mutuwar mahaifinta kwatsam, wanda ya faru a shekarar 1967. Sakamakon wannan masifar, wakokinsa da rubutattun wakokinsa sun ƙara ɓarna, tare da rubutu kamar haka: “Mutuwar da ba ta ƙarewa, mantuwa da harshe da asarar hotuna. Ta yaya zan so in nisanta daga hauka da mutuwa (…) Mutuwar mahaifina ya sanya mutuwata ta zama gaskiya ”.
Mutuwa
A cikin 1972, an shigar da Pizarnik a asibitin masu tabin hankali a Buenos Aires saboda tsananin bacin rai. A ranar 25 ga Satumba - yayin hutun karshen mako -, mawaƙin ya sha ɗimbin kwayoyin Seconal kuma ya wuce kima hakan ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar ta. A kan allo a ɗakinsa ya rage abin da zai zama ayoyinsa na ƙarshe:
“Ba na son tafiya
ba komai kuma
cewa zuwa kasa ”.
Ayyukan Alejandra Pizarnik
- Ƙasar da ta fi baƙo (1955)
- Alama a inuwarku (1955)
- Rashin laifi na ƙarshe (1956)
- Abubuwan da suka ɓace (1958)
- Itace Diana (1962)
- aiki da dare (1965)
- Cire dutsen hauka (1968)
- Sunaye da adadi (1969)
- Mallaka tsakanin lilac (1969)
- Musika jahannama (1971)
- Ƙididdigar jini (1971)
- Ƙananan waƙoƙi (1971)