Gajerun adabi za a fara samun rata mai kara fadada a cikin fifikon masu karatu da sabbin marubuta albarkacin sararin Intanet wanda zai bamu damar tseratar da duk wadannan kananan labarai, baitoci da wakoki don tayar da hoto, wani yanayi ko kuma wani uzuri mai sauki don tserewa.
Daya daga cikin mafi kyaun misalai na wannan zazzabi ga micro kuma tabbas da yawa daga cikinku zasu riga sun sani, shine haiku (俳 句), wanda aka fi sani da haiku, wani nau'in tsohuwar waka ta Japan gaba ɗaya bisa abun da ke ciki na ayoyi uku na sigar 5, 7 da 5, Fassarar yamma na tsarin blackberry 17 wanda asalin haiku yayi amfani dashi. Wasu daga cikin sauran buƙatun da ake buƙata ta wannan nau'i na wallafe-wallafen gabas sun haɗa da wanda aka sani da kigo (季 語), kalmar da take nufin takamaiman lokacin shekara ko kuma wannan niyyar kusanci da yanayi.
Tun a karni na sha bakwai haiku ya zama sananne a matsayin wani nau'i na nuna addinin Zen na Japan dan godiya ga maigidan BashöMarubuta da yawa sun ci gaba da daidaita ainihin mitar yayin da wasu suka ɗan sauya shi kaɗan, suna haifar da haikus tare da nusar da wasu jigogi kuma an yi su ne da ayoyi da karin sigar.
Yadda haikus ya fara
Asalin haikus yana da alaƙa da addini a tsohuwar China. A wancan lokacin na addinin Buddha, Confucianism, da Taoism, sun shahara sosai a matsayin hanyar isar da sako ga wasu da kuma bayyana tunani. Koyaya, da gaske ne a cikin karni na goma sha shida lokacin da suka fara zama sanannu sananne ga Matsuo Bashoo, ɗayan mashahuran wakilin waɗannan waƙoƙin.
A bayyane yake, haiku wani nau'I ne na Haikai, wanda wakoki ne na baitoci 36, 50, ko 100 wadanda aka yi su a cikin rukuni, ma'ana, tsakanin mutane da yawa, mawaƙin mawaƙi da ɗaliban da yake da su. Na farko ya fara rubuta ayoyi 3, na sigar 5-7-5. Waɗannan ana kiransu Hokku. Bayan na biyun, dole ne ya yi ayoyi biyu na 7-7 da sauransu a kan sauran, yana ba da cikakkiyar tsari ga Haikai wanda kamar an rubuta shi da hannu ɗaya kawai.
Yadda ake rubuta haiku: abubuwan abubuwa
Idan kuna sha'awar koyon yin haikus, da farko ya kamata ku san menene ainihin abubuwan haikus. Wadannan su ne:
Da awo
Haiku ya kunshi ayoyi uku. Na farko na siloli 5, na biyu na 7 da na uku na 5. A cikin duka, dole ne a sami sigar 17. Wannan shine haiku na yau da kullun, kodayake a yau an yarda ya ɗan bambanta tsakanin ayoyin. Yanzu, jimlar har yanzu yana 17.
Kigo
A kigo haƙiƙa hadawa ne, tsakanin haiku, na kakar shekara. Hakan ba yana nufin cewa dole ne ku sanya sunan watan da yake ciki ba, ko kuma idan lokacin bazara ne, rani, kaka ko damuna. Amma wani abu da yake wakiltar shi: dusar ƙanƙara, wuta, ganye, furanni ...
Yanayin
Akwai haikus da yawa, kuma dukkansu jigogi daban-daban ne, amma masu ilimin gargajiya suna amfani da yanayi azaman tushen asali a cikin halittun su. Don haka idan kuna son yin rubutu kusa da "asali" yadda zai yiwu, kuyi tunani game da yanayi.
Createirƙira ji
Haiku ba haɗin kalmomi bane waɗanda suka dace sosai kuma hakane. Ya kamata su shiga mai karatu kuma su sa su ji wani abu lokacin da suke karanta shi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yake da wuya a rubuta haikus waɗanda suke da kyau sosai, saboda dole ne ku zaɓi takamaiman kalmomin kuma ku ba su motsin rai don mutane su sami jin dadi tare da su.
Rubuta haikus: yadda za a yi
Yanzu tunda kun san abubuwan, lokaci yayi da za'ayi amfani dasu. Da farko dai, kar a karaya idan na farkon basu fito ba, ko kuma basu da kyau, domin kuwa dole ne kuci gaba dan ingantawa. Koyaya, akwai wasu abubuwan da zaku iya yi.
Karanta haikus
Lokacin da marubuci ke son yin rubutu, dole ne ya fara samun tushe, kuma ana samun wannan ta hanyar karanta litattafai da ayyukan da suka shafi sha'awarsa. Hakanan yayi daidai da haikus. Idan kanaso ka rubuta su, da farko yakamata ka karanta dayawa dan ganin asalin su.
Kada kuji tsoron wani marubuci ya rinjayi ku. Na farkon da zai faru, amma da kaɗan kadan zaku ayyana halayen ku kuma ku ƙirƙira abubuwan da basu da asali.
Duba
Me kuke ji idan kuka ga ruwan sama yana ta faɗuwa? Kuma yaushe kake ganin fitowar rana ko faduwar rana? Wani lokaci, abubuwan yau da kullun basa sa mu ji komai, kuma duk da haka muna ganin su. Saboda haka, yin tunani don neman wannan motsin zuciyar da ke sanya mu taimaka mana muyi haikus.
Misali, ranar girgije na iya nufin bakin ciki ga wasu, amma ga wasu kuwa farin ciki ne; sanyi na iya nufin tsananin, amma kuma kusanci da wasu.
Ya faɗi wani abu
Kada a yi ƙoƙarin nemo ayoyin da suka dace idan ba su ƙidaya ba. Yana da mafi munin abin da za ku iya yi. Dole ne ku ƙirƙiri ƙaramin labari a cikin waɗannan ayoyin guda uku waɗanda ke motsawa kuma wannan, ban da haka, gabaɗaya ne a cikin labarin.
Zabin sanannen haikus
Don gamawa, ga wasu misalai na shahararrun haikus don ku iya fahimtar da su.
Me yasa hakan zata kasance
Me nake tsufa a wannan faɗuwar?
Tsuntsaye suna wucewa cikin gajimare.
Ko da bukka
a cikin duniyar motsi,
Gida ne na 'yar tsana.
Karshen shekara.
Koyaushe irin wannan hular
da takalmin bambaro iri ɗaya!
Matsuo Bashou
A lokacin bazara
Hanyar
Ya bace
Yosa buson
Na yanke reshe
kuma ta share sosai
Ta taga.
Masaoka shiki
Rufin ya kone:
ahora
Ina iya ganin wata
mizuta masahide
Duk da hazo
yana da kyau
Dutsen fuji
Matsuo Bashou
A cikin dalili
kawai shakku ne zai shigo
suna da mabudi.
Mario Benedetti
Kadai a gado
Ina jin sauro
Gyara waƙar baƙin ciki
Yaran suna zuwa -
suna dauke ni daga gado
kuma shekaru sun shude.
Don aiki na
A cikin kwatami
Wakar uguisu
Na ziyarci kabarin sa a Kiso.
Bude kofa zai nuna Buddha
Furewar fure
Suna nuni da hannunsu -
Yara a ƙafa
wata suna sha'awa.
Hawaii Chigetsu
A cikin ruwa
ji tsoron tunani
da Firefly.
Washe gari.
An gama duka
sawun sawun kafafu.
Bazara.
Ta cikin gajimare
akwai gajerar hanya zuwa wata.
Ba ko ganye ɗaya ba
Ko wata ma baya bacci
A cikin wannan willow
Daga Sute-jo
Dawakan dawakai
Suna jin ƙanshin abincin su
Wani turaren violet
Rosa
Zaren sandar kamun kifi
Wata a lokacin rani
Dusar ƙanƙara
ta kodadde gani
cikin ruwa.
Duk abin da muke tarawa
a kan rairayin bakin teku a low tide-
motsa
Babu yaron da zai zo kusa
Ganuwar takarda
Suna da sanyi
A cikin sarari da duwatsu
Komai ze zama mara motsi
Wannan safiyar dusar kankara
Idan sun rufe da safe
bluebells a cikin furanni
Saboda kiyayyar maza ne!
A lokacin bazara
Komai
Sun fi kyau
Reshen itacen plum da ke fure
bada turare
ga wanda ya yanke shi.
Daga violet na girgije
Zuwa shunayya na irises
Tunanina yana kan hanya.
Fireflies. Fireflies!
A bakin kogi
duhu ya wuce.
Sau da yawa
Hototogisu, hototogisu!
kuma yana wayewa.
Bayan kallon wata
Na bar wannan rayuwar
Tare da albarka
Ruwan yana kara
Fan wuta suna fita
Babu komai
Ciyo-Ni
Kadaici.
Girgije a kan tsaunin dutse
Kuma ciyawar ciyawa ta yi tsalle a cikin kwari.
Huyemaruko Shizuku
Yankan bambaro
Arƙashin taurarin taurari
My scythe bugawa wani kabari
Hiramatsu Yoshiko
Whitean ƙaramin farin kifi
Kamar ya tafasa
Launin ruwan
Konishi raizan
Kuna yi shakka, rosebush.
Shin ba kwa son barin
Daga zuriyar?
Karmelo Urso
Moonananan wata,
ka tuna da wannan soyayyar a yau
yana wucewa.
Freddy Dañez
Daren jiya na rufe
yarana masu bacci
da hayaniyar teku.
Watanabe Hakusen
Raɓa takan gudu.
A cikin wannan datti duniya
Ba na yin komai.
Kobayashi issa
Mafi munin amsa kuwwa
shine cewa yayi daidai
dabbanci.
Mario Benedetti
Far trill.
Malamin dare bai sani ba
wannan yana ta'azantar da ku.
Jorge Luis Borges
Sanya iska
tsakanin itacen dabino da duwatsu
waka ta tsiro.
Octavio Sun
A Scarecrow
ya dubi mutum
idan ruwa yayi.
Natsume Seibi
Wucewa ta masana'anta
wannan wata mai haske sosai
yana da gizo-gizo a farke.
Jose Juan Tablada
A ɗan nan take
a kan furanni
hasken wata
An gama duka
furanni suna rugawa
akan ruwan tafkin
Baramar iska
da ƙyar rawar jiki
inuwar wisteria
Farin gishiri
ido ba zai iya samu ba
kazantar kazanta
Zuwa warin plum
rana ta fito
a kan hanyar dutsen
Guga, daga Bashö
Ruwan sama na daren jiya
rufe wannan safiyar
ta zuriyar dabbobi.
Yau Sogui
Kaka a nan:
sanyin ruwan sama
tsaftace inabi.
Cesar Sanches
Shin kun yarda ku raba naku ko abin da kuka fi so haikus?
Shin Borges ya rubuta "dabbanci"? Duba, kai wawa ne
Waka kawai fasaha ce ta fadin abin da mutum yake ji, ayyanawa, kirgawa, lissafawa, daya ne kawai daga cikin wadanda ba su fahimci wakar ba .. Maganganun banza duk muna rubutawa, musamman wadanda suke nuna kamar sun auna abin da muka rubuta.
fasahar rubutu
bi fasaha
Don ji
hanyar tana da tsayi amma ta zama takaice wannan haiku ne
Benedetti's haiku shine mafi kyawun duka
Grande Benedetti. Za a karfafa ni in rubuta guda daya in aika
Hanyar doguwa? Menene Carlos? Menene ba daidai ba?
Babu shakka
kowane inuwa ya rufe
na shirunsa.
Tashi kurciya
bakon maze
Rana ya yi